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1、外研版高一(3)Module1Passivevoice山东翟纪友一.何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时①Paperismadefromwood.②Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时①Booksandnewspapersinthe readingroommustn’tbetaken away.②Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语
2、态，使句子得以更好的安排。①Theconstructionofthenewlabmust becompletedbytheendofnext month.②Electricityisusedtorunmachines.二.被动语态的构成1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式，被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj不带by短语。①Thequestionissettled.(系表结构)②Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)③Thecomposi
3、tioniswellwritten.(系表结构)④Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)2.许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj，也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词，句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。①Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)②TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)Theglass
4、isbroken.(表状态)三.不同形式的被动语态1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。(1)将宾语变为主语，
5、宾补不变。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.使役动词后做宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to。(1)MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.(2)Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.
6、IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.(3)DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态是由情态动词+be+p.p.构成Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.4.短语动词的被动语态一般来讲,只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才能有动作
7、的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。这样的短语有：lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseofTheyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirebrigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brig
8、adearrived.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan’topen.6.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面加v-ing形式为主动,意义为被动。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.
