资源描述：
《学霸归纳-蛋白质与蛋白质组.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、蛋白质与蛋白质组伍乘风出品Chapter1.Proteinstructure1.Regulationofproteinfunction:Expression,Transportationandlocalization,Modification,Interaction,Degradation.2.Proteinsgenerallyhave>50aminoacidresidues.3.Levelsofstructure:1)Aminoacidresiduesequence2)Structuralelements3)Spe
2、cific3-dimensionalstructure4)Arrangementofsubunitsinmulti-subunitprotein4.Thereareover300naturallyoccurringaminoacidsonearth,butthenumberofdifferentaminoacidsinproteinsisonly20.5.Classificationofaminoacids:1)Acidic:aspartate(Asp,D),glutamate(Glu,E).2)Basic:lysi
3、ne(Lys,K),arginine(Arg,R),histidine(His,H).3)Aromatic:tyrosine(Tyr,Y),tryptophan(Trp,W),phenyl-alanine(Phe,F).4)Sulfur:cysteine(Cys,C),methionine(Met,M).5)Unchargedhydrophilic:serine(Ser,S),threonine(Thr,T),asparagine(Asn,N),glutamine(Glu,Q).6)Inactivehydrophob
4、ic:glycine(Gly,G),valine(Val,V),leucine(Leu,L),isoleucine(Ile,I).7)Specialstructure:proline(Pro,P)isoftenlocatedattheturnofapeptidechain.6.InteractionbetweenpositiveandnegativeRgroupsmayformasaltbridge,whichisanimportantstabilizingforceinproteins.7.Thesynthesis
5、ofallpeptidechainsstartsfrommethionine.8.Twoadditionalaminoacids:selenocystein(硒半胱氨酸,UGA)andpyrrolysine(吡咯赖氨酸,UAG).Theunusualaminoacidisspecifiedbyacanonical(标准的)stopcodon.9.TheappropriatetRNAisinitiallychargedwithserine,whichissubsequentlymodifiedtoselenocyste
6、ine.However,tRNAcanbedirectlychargedwithpyrrolysine,whichrepresentsthefirstcaseoftRNAchargingwithanon-canonicalaminoacid.10.Trp,Tyr,andtoalesserextenPhe,absorbultravioletlight,whichaccountsforthecharacteristicstrongabsorbanceoflightbyproteinsatawavelengthof280n
7、m.11.Nonstandardaminoacid:Derivedfromoneofthe20standardaminoacids,inamodificationreactionthatoccursafterthestandardaminoacidhasinsertedintoaprotein.12.Threewaystoobtainapeptide:1)Purificationfromtissue2)Geneticengineering3)Directchemicalsynthesis13.Solidphasepe
8、ptidesynthesis(SPPS):1)Pre-treatmentofaminoacids2)Formationofpeptidebond1)Deprotect,hydrolyzeandpurification1.Biologicalandchemicalsynthesisofpeptides:lCommonpoints1)Activat
