生物技术专业英语翻译.doc

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1、Lesson1DNACLONING:ANOVERVIEW第一课克隆：概要DNAcloning：DNAdoningfacilitatestheisolationandmanipulationoffragmentsofanorganism'sgenomebyreplicatingthemindependentlyaspartofanautonomousvector.DNA克隆：DNA克隆通过独立复制可以用分离和操作方法使生物体基因组片段成为自发性载体的一部分。Hostsandvectors:Mostoftheroutin

2、emanipulationsinvolvedingenecloninguseEscherichiacoliasthehostorganism.PlasmidsandbacteriophagesmaybeusedascloningvectorsinE.coli.Vectorsbasedonplasmids,virusesandwholechromosomeshavebeenusedtocarryforeigngenesintootherprokaryoticandeukaryoticorganisms.宿主和载体：大多

3、数的基因克隆使用的常规操作，以大肠杆菌为宿主生物体。质粒和噬菌体可作为大肠杆菌的克隆载体。以质粒、病毒和整条染色体为载体，将外源基因导入其他原核和真核生物。Subcloning:SubcloningisthesimpletransferofaclonedfragmentofDNAfromonevectortoanother;itservestoillustratemanyoftheroutinetechniquesinvolvedingenecloning.亚克隆：克隆是克隆的DNA片段从一个载体到另一个载体的简单传

4、递；它可以用来说明基因克隆中的许多常规技术。DNAlibraries:DNAlibraries,consistingofsetsofrandomclonedfragmentsofeithergenomicorcDNA,eachinaseparatevectormolecule,areusedintheisolationofunknowngenes.基因库：基因库，由两组随机克隆片段组成，无论是基因组还是基因，每一个在一个单独的载体分子中，都被用来分离未知的基因。Screeninglibraries:Libraries

5、arescreenedforthepresenceofagenesequencebyhybridizationwithasequencederivedfromitsproteinproductorarelatedgene,orthroughthescreeningoftheproteinproductsoftheclonedfragments.筛选库：通过与来自其蛋白产物或相关基因的序列杂交，或者通过克隆片段的蛋白产物的筛选，筛选出一个基因序列的存在。Analysisofaclone:Onceidentified,a

6、clonedgenemaybeanalyzedbyrestrictionmapping,andultimatelybyDNAsequencing,beforebeingusedinanyofthediverseapplicationsofDNAcloning.克隆分析:在用于基因克隆的各种应用中之前，一旦发现某个克隆基因可以通过限制性图谱进行分析，则用这方法进行DNA序列测定。DNAcloning:detailedmolecularanalysisofproteinsorotherconstituentsofmost

7、organismswasrendereddifficultorimpossiblebytheirscarcityandtheconsequentdifficultyoftheirpurificationinlargequantities.Oneapproachistoisolatethegene(s)responsiblefortheexpressionofaproteinortheformationofaproduct.However,everyorganism'sgenomeislargeandcomplex(s

8、eeSectionD),andanysequenceofinterestusuallyoccursonlyonceortwicepercell.Hence,standardchemicalorbiochemicalmethodscannotbeusedtoisolateaspecificregionofthegenomeforstudy,par