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1、生物工程专业英语LessonOne(4学时)InsidetheLivingCell:StructureandFunctionofInternalCellParts教学目的:使学生掌握细胞的组成结构(各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置),Cytoplasm:TheDynamic,MobileFactory细胞质:动力工厂Mostofthepropertiesweassociatewithlifearepropertiesofthecytoplasm.Muchofthemassofacellconsistsofthis
2、semifluidsubstance,whichisboundedontheoutsidebytheplasmamembrane.Organellesaresuspendedwithinit,supportedbythefilamentousnetworkofthecytoskeleton.Dissolvedinthecytoplasmicfluidarenutrients,ions,solubleproteins,andothermaterialsneededforcellfunctioning.生命的大部分特
3、征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成,并由细胞膜(原生质膜)包被。细胞器悬浮在其中,并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质,离子,可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。TheNucleus:InformationCentral(细胞核:信息中心)Theeukaryoticcellnucleusisthelargestorganelleandhousesthegeneticmaterial(DNA)onchromosomes.(Inprokaryotesthehereditaryma
4、terialisfoundinthenucleoid.)Thenucleusalsocontainsoneortwoorganelles-thenucleoli-thatplayaroleincelldivision.Apore-perforatedsaccalledthenuclearenvelopeseparatesthenucleusanditscontentsfromthecytoplasm.Smallmoleculescanpassthroughthenuclearenvelope,butlargerm
5、oleculessuchasmRNAandribosomesmustenterandexitviathepores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器,细胞核对染色体组有保护作用(原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中)。细胞核含有一或二个核仁,核仁促进细胞分裂。核膜贯穿许多小孔,小分子可以自由通过核膜,而象mRNA和核糖体等大分子必须通过核孔运输。77生物工程专业英语Organelles:SpecializedWorkUnits(细胞器:特殊的功能单位)Alleukaryoticcellscontainmostofthev
6、ariouskindsoforganelles,andeachorganelleperformsaspecializedfunctioninthecell.Organellesdescribedinthissectionincluderibosomes,theendoplasmicreticulum,theGolgicomplex,vacuoles,lysosomes,mitochondria,andtheplastidsofplantcells.所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器,每个细胞器都有其特定功能。本节主要
7、介绍核糖体,内质网,高尔基体系,液泡,溶酶体,线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。Thenumberofribosomeswithinacellmayrangefromafewhundredtomanythousands.Thisquantityreflectsthefactthat,ribosomesarethesitesatwhichaminoacidsareassembledintoproteinsforexportorforuseincellprocesses.Acompleteribosomeiscomposed
8、ofonelargerandonesmallersubunit.DuringproteinsynthesisthetwosubunitsmovealongastrandofmRNA,"reading"thegeneticsequencecodedinitandtranslatingthatsequenceintoprotein.Severalribosomesmaybec