定语从句笔记.doc

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1、定语从句。一、定语从句及相关术语1、定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有where,when，why等。3、关系词的作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。4、定语从句存在的条件：先行词+关系词（有的版本作关联词）+从句5、分类：定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。二、关系代词引导

2、的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

3、(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisit

4、thecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，体现从句主语和先行词之间的所属关系。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallendown.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwills

5、oonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三、注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导。(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=The

6、schoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.（物：介词+which）(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(3)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.=We’llgotohearthefamoussi

7、ngeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.（人：介词+whom）1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.（对）(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（错）2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)T

8、hemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.（对）(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.（错）(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.（对）(4)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.（错）3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,e