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ID:59014773
大小:3.46 MB
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时间:2020-09-26
《第二十章 心血管疾病流行病学ppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、心血管疾病CardiovascularDisease哈尔滨医科大学流行病学教研室Departmentofepidemiology,HarbinMedicalUniversity1目录Content心血管疾病的流行概况高血压脑卒中冠心病心血管疾病的预防策略与措施CVDEpidemicoutlineHypertensionStrokeCoronaryheartdiseasestrategiesandmeasurementforCVD2第一节概况overview广义的心血管疾病(CVD)是一组以心脏和血管异常为主的循环系统疾病,它包括心脏和血管疾病、肺循环疾病以及脑血管疾病Gen
2、eralizedcardiovasculardisease(CVD)isagroupofcirculatorydiseasesmainlyfocusingoncardiacandvascularanomalies,whichincludestheheartandvasculardisease,pulmonarycirculationdisease,andcerebralvasculardisease3Amongthem,highbloodpressure,strokeandcoronaryheartdiseasebadlyhazardshumanhealthhazards该
3、组疾病中以高血压、脑卒中和冠心病对人类健康的危害最为严重4流行状况Epidemicsituation发达国家CVD流行情况分为四个阶段FourstagesofCVDprevalenceindevelopedcountries5第一阶段(瘟疫期)人群主要健康问题是传染性疾病、饥荒和营养缺乏,心血管疾病仅占5%-10%,主要是风湿性心脏病和肺源性心脏病Thefirststage(plaguestage)Themainhealthproblemswasinfectiousdiseases,famineandnutritionaldeficiencies.Cardiovascula
4、rdiseaseaccountedforonly5%-10%,whichweremainlyRheumaticheartdiseaseandpulmonaryheartdisease6第二阶段传染病、饥荒和营养缺乏、风湿性心脏病和肺源性心脏病的发病率下降,人口平均年龄增长,饮食结构改变和盐摄入增多,使高血压、高血压性心脏病和出血性脑卒中患病率增加ThesecondstageHypertension,hypertensiveheartdiseaseandhemorrhagicstrokeprevalencerateincreasedwitheconomicdevelopmen
5、t,andimprovementofproductionandlivingstandards.7第三阶段随着社会进步,经济发展,冠心病和缺血性脑卒中提早出现于55-60岁的人群,动脉粥样硬化的死亡占总死亡的35%-65%,结果人群平均寿命下降。ThethirdstagePeopleintakemoreandmorefatandcalorieswiththeeconomicdevelopment.coronaryheartdiseaseandcerebralischemicstrokeareearlyonset.AsaresultPopulationdeclineinthea
6、veragelifeexpectancy.8第四阶段识到心血管病是严重的公共卫生问题;全社会采取了积极的防治措施,加上医疗水平的不断提高;动脉粥样硬化的死亡率降至50%以下。TheforthstageRealizingtotheseverityofCVD,thewholesocietyactivelytakepreventionandcuremeasuresandthemedicalstandardsimprovecontinuously.ThemortalityofCVDisdecliningmorethan50%.9Epidemicsituationofcardiova
7、sculardiseaseinChina我国心血管疾病流行概况10Strokemorbidityandmortalityratesofourcountryisthesecondhighestintheworld.TheCVDcountfortheprimarycauseofdeathincity.我国脑卒中发病率和死亡率高居世界第二,以上,成为我国城市人群死亡的主要原因。111213我国心血管疾病流行特征EpidemiologicalCharacteristicsofCVDinChina发病年龄提前,青壮年人群的发
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