免疫复习资料：免疫 自己整理版 名解.doc

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1、1.Immunologyisthestudyofthewaysinwhichthebodydefendsitselffrominfectiousagentsandotherforeignsubstancesinitsenvironment.[Immunity:referstoallmechanismsusedbythebodyasprotectionagainstenvironmentalagentsthatareforeigntothebody.(torecognizeandeliminateforeignsubstances)]2.Inna

2、teimmunityItreferstoanyinbornimmunitythatisalreadypresentthefirsttimeapathogenisencountered.3.AdaptiveimmuneresponseTheTcellsandBcellsinthebodyrecognizetheantigenand,inturn,becomeactivated.Theactivatedlymphocytesthenproliferateandcarryouttheirspecificeffectorfunctions4.Humor

3、alimmunity:mediatedbyBcellsanddefenseagainstextracellularmicrobes.5.Cell-mediatedimmunity:mediatedbyTcellsanddefenseagainstintracellularmicrobes.TheinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponseIntroductionCharacteristicsCellsMoleculesInnateimmunityRespondsrapidlyNomemoryNoorlowspecificity

4、PhysicalbarriersPhagocytes(PMNsandmacrophages)NaturalkillercellsHumoralfactorsComplementAcutephaseProteinsCytokinesAdaptiveimmunityRespondsSlowlyMemoryHighlyspecificTcellsBcellsDendriticcellsAntibodiesCytokinesGranzymesClonalselectiontheory全身的免疫细胞是由众多识别不同抗原的细胞克隆所组成，同一种克隆细胞表达

5、相同的特异性受体，淋巴细胞识别抗原的多样性是机体接触抗原前就有的，是生物在长期进化过程中形成的。抗原进入机体只是从免疫细胞中找出能识别这种抗原的淋巴细胞克隆，活化，增殖，扩增出许多具有相同特异性的子代细胞，产生大量特异性抗体清除入侵的抗原。日TLymphocytesTCR:T-cellantigenreceptorTCRab+>95%TCRgd+1–5%1.CytotoxicTcells(CTL)2.helperTcells:Th1,Th2,Th173.RegulatoryTcells(Treg)andsuppressorTcells(Ts)T

6、h1巨噬细胞活化IgGTh2肥大嗜酸IgEBonemarrow1.theplaceinwhichproliferationofHSCtakesplace2.theplaceinwhichdevelopmentandmaturationofBcellsoccurThelymphoidprogenitorcellsaretransportedbycirculatingbloodtothethymusanddifferentiateintofunctionalTlymphocytesThethymus1.Cells:thymicstromalcell

7、s(TSC)epithelialcells,monocytes(macrophage),TDCthymocytesTcell(ab+)2.Structure:cortex---immaturethymocytesmedulla---maturethymocytesMf,TDC3.Function:ItisthesiteofTcellmaturation/selection;ItdeterminesthespecificityoftheTCRexpressedontheTcellsreleasedtoperipheryThelymphnode1.

8、Human:2-10mmindiameter2.roundandkidneyshaped3.Consistsofcortex(B-cellarea)p