化工热力学授课教案.doc

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1、Chapter8ProductionofPowerfromHeatcontent8.1Thesteampowerplant8.2Internal-CombustionEngines8.3JetEngines;RocketEnginesIntroductionFormsofenergyusedbymankindEnergyfromthesunThekineticenergyassociatedwithatmosphericwindsThepotentialenergyoftidesHydroelectricpowerHeatMechanicalenerg

2、yChemicalenergyoffuelsNuclearenergythesteampowerplanttheinternal-combustionengineHeatenginecombustionfissionThischapterisdevotedtotheanalysisofseveralcommonheat-enginecycles目的：研究循环中热、功转换的效果及其影响因素，探求提高能量转换效果的途径。内容：讨论蒸汽动力循环的热效率、功以及循环中各工质状态的变化。要求：掌握工作原理、工质状态变化、能量转换计算、能量转换效果热力学分析。8.

3、1ThesteampowerplantHistoryReviewCarnotcycle3214TSTHTcTSdiagramofcarnotcycleCarnotcycleismadeupoffourstepsStep1-2：ReversibleisothermalevaporationprocessStep2-3：ReversibleadiabaticexpansionprocessStep3-4：ReversibleisothermalcondensionprocessStep4-1：Reversibleadiabaticcompressionpr

4、ocessCarnot’sTheoremFortwogivenheatreservoirsnoenginecanhaveathermalefficiencyhigherthanthatofaCarnotengine.Carnotefficiency8.1.1Carnot-enginecycleforsteamEquipmentsBoilerTurbineCondenserPump:BoilerCondenserturbine3142ProcessesSteamgeneratedinaboilerisexpandedinanadiabaticturbin

5、etoproducework.Thedischargesteamfromtheturbinepassestoacondenserfromwhichitispumpedadiabaticallybacktotheboiler.TSdiagramandsteps14TS32TCTHStep1-2：IsothermalevaporationprocessintheboilerStep2-3：ReversibleadiabaticexpansionprocessintheturbineStep3-4：Isothermalpartialcondensioninc

6、ondenserStep4-1：ReversibleadiabaticcompressionprocessbythepumpAnalysisforwholesystem0EfficiencyPracticaldifficultiesattendtheoperationofequipment（1）湿蒸汽对汽轮机有侵蚀作用；（2）绝热压缩过程难以实现；（3）蒸气比体积比液体大上千倍，设备及功耗大；（4）上限温度受制于临界温度，热效率不高。8.1.2RankinecycleThereasonforintroducingtheRankineCycle?Equi

7、pmentsBoilerTurbineCondenserPumpBoilerCondenserturbine3142StepsandTSdiagramTS1432Step1-2：Aconstant-pressureheatingprocessinaboilerStep2-3：ReversibleadiabaticexpansionofvaporinaturbineStep3-4：Aconstant-pressure,constant-temperatureprocessinacondenserStep4-1：Reversibleadiabaticpum

8、pingofthesaturatedliquidtothepressureoftheboile