Lecture1-免疫学概述ppt课件.ppt

《Lecture1-免疫学概述ppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、分子免疫学概述吉林大学畜牧兽医学院2011.09TheOriginofImmuneConceptTheterm“Immunity”=>Latinword“Immunitas”=>Protectionfromlegalprosecution(Romansenators)Biologicaldefinition=>Protectionfrominfectiousdiseases2.Theconceptofimmunity=>existedinancientGreek&Chinese=>theexperiencedview“天花”又名痘疮十六世纪下半叶（明代隆庆年间1567-1572）

2、正式发明了人痘接种术，十七世纪普遍推广。Themedicalviewofimmunity=>EdwardJenner(1796)Observation=>MilkmaidsgenerallygetNoSmallpoxHypothesis=>Pusfromvaccinia(cowpox)=>ProtectmilkmaidsfromsmallpoxTest=>Inoculatematerialsfromcowpoxpus=>Protectayoungboyfromsmallpox(Protectiveimmunity)ThevaccinationagainstsmallpoxExud

3、atefromacowpoxpustuleonthehandofmilkmaidSarahNelmeswasinsertedintoscratchesonthearmsofJamesPhipps,May14,1796.1796年，英国人EdwardJenner发明牛痘苗预防天花（cowpoxvaccine）。EdwardJennerEradicationofsmallpox200yearsafterJennerWHOannouncesmallpoxeradicated1965197019751980Countrieswithmorethanonesmallpoxcasepermo

4、nth301504.Theconceptof“Immunity”developedgraduallyovertimethroughmanyscientificfindings:=>RobertKoch(1905NobelLaureate)=>Infectiousdiseasescausedbymicroorganisms=>LouisPasteur=>Vaccinesagainstcholera&rabies=>Theseclinicalsuccesses=>Thesearchofunderlyingmechanismof“ProtectionofInfectiousDiseas

5、es”研制出多种减毒疫苗（attenuatedvaccine）,用于预防鸡霍乱,炭疽杆菌,狂犬病等疾病。LouisPasteur1880年，鸡霍乱弧菌减毒疫苗Vaccinesforcommoninfectiousdiseasesb型流感嗜血杆菌破伤风百日咳风疹腮腺炎麻疹脊髓灰质炎乙肝白喉Stillnoeffectivevaccinesformanyinfectiousmicrobes,e.g.,HCV,HIV,Denguevirus…..etc细胞免疫和体液免疫学派的形成：(19世纪后叶-20世纪中叶)免疫学重大学说和理论：克隆选择学说(1957)；免疫网络学说(1974)对免疫

6、系统的全面认识：发现各种免疫器官及免疫细胞DescriptiveScience”=>“ExperimentalScience”(1)细胞免疫学说(cellularimmunity)Neutrophil梅契尼可夫1880’s-Metchnikoffdiscoveredphagocyticcellsthatingestmicrobesandparticlescellsconferredimmunity免疫应答机制的研究:1.TheDiscoveryofantibodyfunctionsin18972.TheNobelLaureateinMedicine1908Adoptedfrom

7、NatureImmunology,July2008liquidofbloodconferredimmunity发现抗体能清除各种病原微生物或者能中和细菌毒素。(2)体液免疫学说(humoralimmunity)PaulEhrlich:OneofthefathersofhumoraladaptiveimmunityQ:Whichconfersimmunity…cellsorserum?A:Bothcellsandserumcontributetoimmunity!MacFarla