TOEFL阅读理解之十大题型ppt课件.ppt

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1、TOEFL阅读理解之十大题型TOEFL阅读十大题型之再分类1.改写题（Paraphrasing）FactualInformationquestions(3-6questionsperset)NegativeFactualInformationquestions(0-2questionsperset)SentenceSimplificationquestions(0-1questionsperset)2.语篇纽带题（TextConnectors)Referencequestions(0-2questionsperset)InsertTextques

2、tion(0-1questionsperset)3.推论题Inferencequestions(0-2questionsperset)RhetoricalPurposequestions(0-2questionsperset)4.篇章结构题（TextStructure）ProseSummaryFillinTable5.词汇题1.改写题（Paraphrasing）FactualInformationquestionsNegativeFactualInformationquestionsSentenceSimplificationquestions①

3、FactualInformationquestions这类问题实际考察的是对英文句子进行改写（paraphrasing）的能力。原句与正确选项之间一般存在三种关系：原文引用；同义替换（同义词/反义词/结构转换）；对原句内容的提炼与概括。关键词定位法先看两个例子：Asameteorologicalterm,“eye”describeacircularregionatthecenterofaseverewindstorm.Asameteorologicalconcept,“eye”referstoaroundareainthemiddleofanex

4、tremewinddisturbance.该例使用了同义词进行同意转述。Becausethisareaissosmallandirregular,itisdifficulttoobserve.Peoplehavedifficultyobservingthissmallandirregulararea.该例使用了结构转换进行同意转述。OG：P42-7：Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatf

5、eaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurusA.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatansB.livedatthesametimeasPakicetusC.wasabletoswimwellD.couldn

6、othavewalkedonlandItshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans——whales,porpoises,anddolphins——aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithland-dwelli

7、ngmammals.Inparagraph1,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepresenceofablowholeincetaceans?○Itclearlyindicatesthatcetaceansaremammals.○Itcannotconcealthefactthatcetaceansaremammals.○Itisthemaindifferencebetweencetaceansandland-dwellingmammals.○Itcannotyieldcluesabouttheoriginsofcetace

8、ans.再看一个例子：1790sawthenationenteringaneweraofroaddevelopment.Unableto