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1、语法一:现在分词做状语现在分词(动词的ing形式)做状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系;动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间,条件,结果,让步,方式等状语。相当于相应的状语从句。作时间,原因或条件时,通常位于主句前面,作方式,伴随或结果状语时,通常位于主句后面。如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生,用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生,用现在分词的完成式。(havingdone),在作时间状语的分词前,可加连词whi
2、le,when,介词after,before,on等。一.做伴随状语:分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。1:Thedogcamein.Itfolloweditsmaster.=Thedogcamein,followingitsmaster.2:Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.3:Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.二.原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句,常位于句首,句中或句末。1.Hewasabrave
3、man.HedecidedtoreturntoFrance.=Beingabraveman,hedecidedtoreturntoFrance.2:Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.3:Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.4:Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.5.Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,
4、heknewthemverywell.6.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.三.时间状语,相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句,常位于句首或句末。1:FirsthereturnedtoFrance.Thenhewasputintoprison.=AfterhereturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.=HavingreturnedtoFrance,hewasputintoprison.2:Havingarrivedatthefa
5、ctory,theyimmediatelysettowork.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3:Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.4:OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon.5:Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.四.条件状语,相当于一个if等引导的条件状语从句,常位于句首。1:Workinghard,youwillsucceed.2.I
6、fIknowanythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.=Knowinganythingaboutit,Iwilltellyouall.3.-Icouldgoandgetsomeonetobringthecar.-No,thanks.I’llbebetterifwalking五:结果状语现在分词表示必然结果,前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果,前可加only。1:Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.2:Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscaus
7、ingthedelay.3:Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.六:让步状语:相当于although,though,evenif,eventhough引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。1.Althoughhehadboughtalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.=Buyingalotofbooksfortheexam,hefailedinitbecauseofthelearningmethod.2.Thoug
8、htheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=knowingall