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1、ComputedtomographyComputedtomographyinvolvessectionalanatomyimaging,oranatomyinthesagittal,coronal,andaxial(cross-sectional,transverse)planes.计算机断层摄影术涉及断层解剖成像,或者是矢状面,冠状面和轴位面(跨断面或横向的)的解剖影像。Sectionalanatomyhasalwaysbeenimportanttothephysicianandhealthcareworker,butthenewerimagingmodalitie
2、sofcomputedtomography(CT),magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),andultrasonography(US)demandanin-depthunderstandingofanatomydisplayedinthismanner.断层解剖影像历来受到医生和卫生保健工作者的重视,但是像CT,MRI和US等这些较新的成像方式需要人们对这种方式显示的解剖有一个更深的理解。Computedtomography(CTorCATscan)technologywasdevelopedinthe1970s,andtherockgroupT
3、heBeatlesgaveabigboosttoCTdevelopmentwhentheyinvestedasignificantamountofmoneyinabusinesscalledElectricMusicalInstrumentsLimited(EMI).CT或CAT技术诞生于十九世纪七十年代,披头士(甲壳虫)摇滚乐乐队对CT的发展起了非常大的促进作用,他们给EMI公司投资一大笔经费。ItwasEMIengineerswhosubsequentlydevelopedCTtechnology.Initially,EMIscannerswereusedexcl
4、usivelyforbrainimaging,butthistechnologywasrapidlyextendedtotheabdomen,thorax,spine,andextremities.正是EMI公司的工程师,随后发展了CT技术。起初,EMI扫描机仅使用于脑成像,但是该技术很快延伸到腹部,胸部,脊柱和四肢。CTimagingisbestunderstoodiftheanatomicsitetobeexaminedisthoughtofasaloafofslicedbread;animageofeachsliceofbreadiscreatedwithout
5、imagingtheotherslices.把被检部位当作一块夹层面包,是对CT成像的最好理解。CT扫描只呈现扫描面包层的影像,而其它层面不成像?Thisisincontradistinctiontoaradiograph,whichcapturesthewholeloafofbreadasinaphotograph.这有别于普通X线摄影术,普通X线摄影在一张图像显示整个面包的影像。CTimagesareproducedbyacombinationofx-ray,computers,anddetectors.Acomputer-controlledcouchtrans
6、fersthepatientinshortincrementsthroughtheopeninginthescannerhousing.CT影像的产生有赖于X线管,计算机和探测器。计算机控制的扫描床以较小的间距将病人传输到机架中的扫描孔。InthestandardCTunit,thex-raytubelocatedinthehousing(gantry)rotatesaroundthepatient,andeachanatomicslicetobeimagedisexposedtoapencil-thinx-raybeam.Eachimageorslicerequir
7、esonlyafewseconds;thereforebreathholdingisusuallynotanissue.标准的CT机,位于机架内的X线球管围绕病人旋转,需要成像的每一解剖层面被铅笔薄的X线束曝光,每一幅图像或层面成像仅需几秒钟,因此屏气显得并不是大问题。Thethicknessoftheseaxialimagesorslicescanbevariedfrom1to10mmdependingontheindicationsforstudy.这些轴位图像的层厚取决于研究的目的,常以1-10mm不等。Forexample,intheabdo