新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程3第三单元讲义

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1、Unit3HappinessI.DifficultSentences1.Whenmostpeopleexistnearthebreadline,materialprogressdoesindeedmakethemhappier.(1)Whatdoes“existnearthebreadline”meaninthispassage?(=“Existnearthebreadline”means“justhaveenoughmoneytofeedthemselves.”)(2)Paraphrasethesentence.(=Whenamultitudeofpeopleinasocietyonlyha

2、vemoneyenoughtofeedthemselves,theywouldfeelmuchhappieriftheycanearnmoremoney.)2.Butwhenmaterialdiscomforthasbeenbanished,extraincomebecomesmuchlessimportantthanourrelationshipswitheachother:withfamily,withfriendsandinthecommunity.(1)Whatdoes“materialdiscomforthasbeenbanished”mean?(=Thispartmeansthat

3、peoplehaveenoughmoneytomeeteverydayneeds,theydon’tworryabouttheirdailylifeanymore.)(2)Translatethesentence.(=然而，物质上的匮乏一旦消除，收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里和睦等人际关系那么重要。)3.Thereasonforthisisthatovertimeourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome.(1)Whatdoes“ourstandardsandexpectationsrisetomeetourincome”mean?)(=It

4、means“withtheincreaseinourincome,ourstandardsandexpectationsalsorise.”)(2)Translatethesentence.(=原因是随着时间的推移，我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。)4.Sincepeoplearealwayscomparingtheirincomeswithwhatothershave,orwithwhattheyareusedto,theyonlyfeelbetteroffiftheymoveuprelativetothenorm.(1)Whatdoes‘thenorm”refertointhisse

5、ntence?(=Thiswordrefersto“averageincome.”)(2)Paraphrase“moveuprelativetothenorm.”(=Theyearnmorethantheaverageincome.)5.Sincesocietyasawholecannotraiseitspositionrelativetoitself,theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatendcouldbesaidtobeawaste¾thebalancebetweenleisureandworkhasbeenshifted“inefficiently”t

6、owardswork.11(1)Whatdoes“theeffortwhichitsmembersdevotetothatend”refertointhissentence?)(=Peoplemakeanefforttoraisetheirsocialstatusorpositionbyworkingharderorearningmore.)(2)Whatdoes“inefficiently”refertointhissentence?(=Itmeansuseless,meaningless,that’stosay,it’suselessforpeopletosacrificetheirlei

7、suretimetowork.)(3)Whydoestheauthorthinktheseeffortsaremeaninglessatall?(=Becausetheirincreaseinincomewoulddefinitelybecounterbalancedbyincreaseinaverageincome,sothattheywouldn’tfeelhappierthanbeforeb