巴罗 宏观经济学ppt课件.ppt

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1、IntroductiontoEconomicGrowthChapter31MacroeconomicsChapter3EconomicGrowthandStandardofLiving2MacroeconomicsChapter3WorldDistributionofRealGDPWorldDistributionofPerCapitaincomein2000WorldDistributionofPerCapitaIncomein1960GrowthRateinPercapitaIncome1960-2000.IncomeIne

2、quality.3MacroeconomicsChapter34MacroeconomicsChapter35MacroeconomicsChapter36MacroeconomicsChapter37MacroeconomicsChapter38MacroeconomicsChapter3LongTermEconomicGrowthinOECDCountries9MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductivitySlowdownThedeclineinthegrowthrateofrealGDPperperso

3、nfrom3.1%peryearfor1960–1980to1.8%peryearfor1980–2000issometimescalledtheproductivityslowdown.10MacroeconomicsChapter3GrowthQuestionsWhatfactorscausedsomecountriestogrowfastandotherstogrowslowoverperiodssuchas1960to2000?Inparticular,whydidtheEastAsiancountriesdosomuch

4、betterthanthesub-SaharanAfricancountries?11MacroeconomicsChapter3GrowthQuestionsHowdidcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandotherOECDmemberssustaingrowthratesofrealGDPperpersonofaround2%peryearforacenturyormore?12MacroeconomicsChapter3GrowthQuestionsWhatcanpolicymakersdoto

5、increasegrowthratesofrealGDPperperson?13MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductionFunctionY=A·F(K,L)ATechnologyLevelKCapitalStock–machinesandbuildingsusedbybusiness.LLaborForce–numberofworkers14MacroeconomicsChapter315MacroeconomicsChapter316MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductionF

6、unctionsMPL–MarginalProductofLaborDiminishingMarginalProductoflaborMPK–MarginalProductofCapitalDiminishingMarginalProductofCapital17MacroeconomicsChapter3ConstantReturnstoScaleConstantReturnstoScaleDoubleKandLandYwillalsodoubleTherefore,ifwemultiplyKandLbythequantity1

7、/LwealsomultiplyYby1/LtogetY/L=A·F(K/L,L/L)18MacroeconomicsChapter3PerWorkerProductionFunctiony=f(k)youtputperworkerkcapitalperworker19MacroeconomicsChapter320MacroeconomicsChapter3Anexample:Cobb-DouglasProductionFunction21MacroeconomicsChapter3ContributionstoGDPGr

8、owth∆Y/Y=∆A/A+α·(∆K/K)+β·(∆L/L)ThegrowthrateofrealGDP,∆Y/Y,equalsthegrowthrateoftechnology,∆A/A,plusthecontributionsfromtheg