巴罗宏观经济学：现代观点第3章.ppt

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1、IntroductiontoEconomicGrowthChapter31MacroeconomicsChapter3EconomicGrowthandStandardofLiving2MacroeconomicsChapter3WorldDistributionofRealGDPWorldDistributionofPerCapitaincomein2000WorldDistributionofPerCapitaIncomein1960GrowthRateinPercapitaIncome1960-2000.IncomeInequality.3Macroeconomi

2、csChapter34MacroeconomicsChapter35MacroeconomicsChapter36MacroeconomicsChapter37MacroeconomicsChapter38MacroeconomicsChapter3LongTermEconomicGrowthinOECDCountries9MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductivitySlowdownThedeclineinthegrowthrateofrealGDPperpersonfrom3.1%peryearfor1960–1980to1.8%peryearf

3、or1980–2000issometimescalledtheproductivityslowdown.10MacroeconomicsChapter3GrowthQuestionsWhatfactorscausedsomecountriestogrowfastandotherstogrowslowoverperiodssuchas1960to2000?Inparticular,whydidtheEastAsiancountriesdosomuchbetterthanthesub-SaharanAfricancountries?11MacroeconomicsChapte

4、r3GrowthQuestionsHowdidcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandotherOECDmemberssustaingrowthratesofrealGDPperpersonofaround2%peryearforacenturyormore?12MacroeconomicsChapter3GrowthQuestionsWhatcanpolicymakersdotoincreasegrowthratesofrealGDPperperson?13MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductionFunctionY=A·

5、F(K,L)ATechnologyLevelKCapitalStock–machinesandbuildingsusedbybusiness.LLaborForce–numberofworkers14MacroeconomicsChapter315MacroeconomicsChapter316MacroeconomicsChapter3ProductionFunctionsMPL–MarginalProductofLaborDiminishingMarginalProductoflaborMPK–MarginalProductofCapitalDiminishin

6、gMarginalProductofCapital17MacroeconomicsChapter3ConstantReturnstoScaleConstantReturnstoScaleDoubleKandLandYwillalsodoubleTherefore,ifwemultiplyKandLbythequantity1/LwealsomultiplyYby1/LtogetY/L=A·F(K/L,L/L)18MacroeconomicsChapter3PerWorkerProductionFunctiony=f(k)youtputperworkerkcapital

7、perworker19MacroeconomicsChapter320MacroeconomicsChapter3Anexample:Cobb-DouglasProductionFunction21MacroeconomicsChapter3ContributionstoGDPGrowth∆Y/Y=∆A/A+α·(∆K/K)+β·(∆L/L)ThegrowthrateofrealGDP,∆Y/Y,equalsthegrowthrateoftechnology,∆A/A,plusthecontributionsfromtheg