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《第十三章 其它高级统计方法ppt课件.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第十三章其它高级统计方法第一节诊断试验(diagnostictest)的评价二、诊断试验中常用的评价指标诊断试验四格表金标准(D)阳性(T+)阴性(T-)合计病例(D+)对照(D-)合计a(真阳性)c(假阳性)a+cb(假阴性)d(真阴性)b+d诊断结果(T)a+b(n1)c+d(n2)a+b+c+d(n)灵敏度(sensitivity,Se):实际患病且被诊断为阳性的概率,也称为真阳性率(truepositiverate,TPR)Se=P(T+D+)=a/n1特异度(specificity,Sp)实际未患病且被诊断为阴性的概率,也称为真阴性率(
2、truenegativerate,TNR)Sp=P(T-D-)=d/n2漏诊率():实际患病但被诊断为阴性的概率,也称为假阴性率(falsenegativerate,FNR)=1-Se=b/n1误诊率()实际未患病但被诊断为阳性的概率,也称为假阳性率(falsepositiverate,FPR)=1-Sp=c/n2Youden指数(J):表示诊断的综合能力J=Se+Sp-1阳性预测值(PV+):表示预测阳性结果的正确率,即诊断为阳性实际患病的概率阴性预测值(PV-):表示诊断为阴性者实际未患病的概率PV+=P(D+
3、T+)=SePSeP+(
4、1-Sp)(1-P)PV-=P(D-
5、T-)=Sp(1-P)Sp(1-P)+(1-Se)(P表14-15牙髓电活力测试仪检测结果病理检查T+T-合计D+D-合计45166110180190电活力测量诊断55196251例14-6例14-6诊断试验ViewVariable:ViewData:DataWeightCases…WeightCasesbyFrequencyVariable:fOKAnalyzeDescriptiveStatisticsCrosstabs…Rows:DColumns:TCells:Observed,Row,Column,T
6、otalContinueOK三、ROC曲线ROC曲线即受试者工作特征(receiveroperatingcharacteristic)曲线,用于二分类判别效果的分析与评价,又称为诊断特征曲线。其基本原理是:通过诊断界点的移动,获得多对灵敏度和误诊率,以灵敏度为纵轴,以误诊率为横轴,连接各点绘制曲线,计算曲线下的面积,面积越大,诊断价值越高。SPSS演示例:对191例地中海贫血标本进行检测,试用ROC分析评价平均红细胞量(mch)对地中海贫血基因类型(gene)的诊断价值。例地中海贫血诊断试验ViewVariable:ViewData:Analyze
7、ROCCurveTestVariable:mchStateVariable:geneValueofStateVariable:1Display:ROCCurveWithdiagonalreferencelineStandarderrorandconfidenceintervalCoordinatepointsoftheROCCurveOptions:IncludecutoffvalueforpositiveclassificationlargetestresultindicatesmorepositivetestContinueOK例14-7糖尿病诊
8、断ViewVariable:ViewData:DataWeightCases…WeightCasesbyFrequencyVariable:fAnalyzeROCCurveTestVariable:testStateVariable:standardValueofStateVariable:1Display:ROCCurveWithdiagonalreferencelineStandarderrorandconfidenceintervalCoordinatepointsoftheROCCurveOptions:Includecutoffvalu
9、eforpositiveclassificationlargetestresultindicatesmorepositivetestContinueOK例14-9淋巴结肿大诊断ViewVariable:ViewData:DataWeightCases…WeightCasesbyFrequencyVariable:fAnalyzeROCCurveTestVariable:testStateVariable:standardValueofStateVariable:1Display:ROCCurveWithdiagonalreferencelineS
10、tandarderrorandconfidenceintervalCoordinatepointsofthe
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