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1、HenryDavidThoreauWalden:Thisbook,entitledWalden(1854),explainedhisideasabouthowapersonshouldlive,beingconsciouslyawareofhisorherownnatureandofthenaturalworlditself.◆isagreatTranscendentalistwork超验主义作品thatcameoutoftheperiodunderdiscussion.Hetookamorethanusualinterestinthenatur
2、alworld自然世界.andtriedtoseekawaytounlockthesecretsofthespirit.◆itisafaithfulrecordofhisreflectionswhenhewasinsolitarycommunionwithnature,ofhowhetriestominimizehisownneedsonWaldenPond.ItisaneloquentindicationthathenotonlyembracedEmerson’sTranscendentalistphilosophybutwentfurther
3、toillustratethepantheisticqualityofnature.梭罗不仅吸收爱默生超验主义哲学，还进一步说明自然的泛神特性◆hewasverycriticalofmoderncivilization,thebookisfullofpeoplewakingup批评现代文明唤醒人类.“Civilizedmanistheslaveofmatter,”Ashesawit,moderncivilizedlifehasdehumanizedmanandplacedhiminaspiritualquandary:bytryingtoamas
4、smaterialpossessions,manisnotreallyliving,heisdigginghisowngrave.只是试图积累物质财富，人们不是真正在生活而是在自掘坟墓NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter:BothHesterandDimmesdalearemorallyweakanddeficientasweallare,accordingtoHawthorne,thenRogerChillingworthisguiltyoftheunpardonablesin:theinvasionintoan
5、otherperson’ssoulinordertocontroltheother’swillforaveryselfishpurpose.Tohimthisistheworstsinandapersonguiltyofthissinisacompletelycorrupt.TheScarletLetter,alwaysregardedasthebestofhisworks,tellsasimplebutverymovingstoryinwhichfourpeoplelivinginaPuritancommunityareinvolvedinan
6、daffectedbythesinofadulteryindifferentways.Inthisnovel,Hawthornefocuseshisattentiononthemoral,emotional,andpsychologicaleffectsorconsequencesofthesinonthepeopleingeneralandthosemaincharatersinparticular,soastoshowusthetensionbetweensocietyandindividuals.“TheCustom-House”（海关）a
7、sanintroductorynotetoTheScarletLetterprovesfruitfultoHawthorne’simagination.Byrelatinghisownexperience,Hawthornesucceedsingivinghistaleasenseofhistoricalreality.ByusingPearlasathematicsymbol,Hawthorneemphasizestheconsequencethesinofadulteryhasbroughttothecommunityandthepeople
8、.WiththescarletletterAasthebiggestsymbolofall,Hawthorneproveshimself
