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1、HenryDavidThoreauWalden:Thisbook,entitledWalden(1854),explainedhisideasabouthowapersonshouldlive,beingconsciouslyawareofhisorherownnatureandofthenaturalworlditself.◆isagreatTranscendentalistwork超验主义作品thatcameoutoftheperiodunderdiscussion.Hetookamorethanusualinter
2、estinthenaturalworld自然世界.andtriedtoseekawaytounlockthesecretsofthespirit.◆itisafaithfulrecordofhisreflectionswhenhewasinsolitarycommunionwithnature,ofhowhetriestominimizehisownneedsonWaldenPond.ItisaneloquentindicationthathenotonlyembracedEmerson’sTranscendentali
3、stphilosophybutwentfurthertoillustratethepantheisticqualityofnature.梭罗不仅吸收爱默生超验主义哲学，还进一步说明自然的泛神特性◆hewasverycriticalofmoderncivilization,thebookisfullofpeoplewakingup批评现代文明唤醒人类.“Civilizedmanistheslaveofmatter,”Ashesawit,moderncivilizedlifehasdehumanizedmanandplace
4、dhiminaspiritualquandary:bytryingtoamassmaterialpossessions,manisnotreallyliving,heisdigginghisowngrave.只是试图积累物质财富，人们不是真正在生活而是在自掘坟墓NathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetter:BothHesterandDimmesdalearemorallyweakanddeficientasweallare,accordingtoHawthorne,thenRogerChillin
5、gworthisguiltyoftheunpardonablesin:theinvasionintoanotherperson’ssoulinordertocontroltheother’swillforaveryselfishpurpose.Tohimthisistheworstsinandapersonguiltyofthissinisacompletelycorrupt.TheScarletLetter,alwaysregardedasthebestofhisworks,tellsasimplebutverymov
6、ingstoryinwhichfourpeoplelivinginaPuritancommunityareinvolvedinandaffectedbythesinofadulteryindifferentways.Inthisnovel,Hawthornefocuseshisattentiononthemoral,emotional,andpsychologicaleffectsorconsequencesofthesinonthepeopleingeneralandthosemaincharatersinpartic
7、ular,soastoshowusthetensionbetweensocietyandindividuals.“TheCustom-House”（海关）asanintroductorynotetoTheScarletLetterprovesfruitfultoHawthorne’simagination.Byrelatinghisownexperience,Hawthornesucceedsingivinghistaleasenseofhistoricalreality.ByusingPearlasathematics
8、ymbol,Hawthorneemphasizestheconsequencethesinofadulteryhasbroughttothecommunityandthepeople.WiththescarletletterAasthebiggestsymbolofall,Hawthorneproveshimself
