资源描述：
《Jury---来自维基百科.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Jury-来自维基百科（英文版）节选Ajuryisaswornbodyofpeopleconvenedtorenderanimpartialverdict(afindingoffactonaquestion)officiallysubmittedtothembyacourt,ortosetapenaltyorjudgment.Modernjuriestendtobefoundincourtstoascertaintheguilt,orlackthereof,inacrime.InAnglophonejurisdiction
2、s,theverdictmaybeguilty,notguilty,or(inScotland)notproven.Juriesarecomposedofjurors(alsosometimesknownasjurymen),whoarebydefinitionilliteratesinthelawandfindersoffact,notprofessionals.Theoldinstitutionofgrandjuriesstillexistsinsomeplaces,particularlytheUnitedState
3、s,toinvestigatewhetherenoughevidenceofacrimeexiststobringsomeonetotrial.Thejuryarrangementhasevolvedoutoftheearliestjuries,whichwerefoundinearlymedievalEngland.Membersweresupposedtoinformthemselvesofcrimesandthenofthedetailsofthecrimes.Theirfunctionwasthereforeclo
4、sertothatofagrandjurythanthatofajuryinatrial.JuriesintheU.S.TherearethreetypesofjuriesintheUnitedStates:criminalgrandjuries,criminalpetitjuries,andciviljuries.IntheUnitedStatesConstitution,juriesarementionedinArticleThreeandtheFifth,theSixth,andtheSeventhAmendment
5、s.JuriesarenotavailableincourtsofAmericanSamoaestablishedpursuanttotheConstitutionofAmericanSamoa.1．HistoryTheU.S.DeclarationofIndependenceaccusedGeorgeIIIoftheUnitedKingdomof"deprivingusinmanycases,ofthebenefitsoftrialbyjury."ArticleIIIoftheU.S.Constitutionstates
6、thatalltrialsshallbebyjury.TherightwasexpandedwiththeSixthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,whichstatesinpart,"Inallcriminalprosecutions,theaccusedshallenjoytherighttoaspeedyandpublictrial,byanimpartialjuryofthestateanddistrictwhereinthecrimeshallhavebeencomm
7、itted,"andtheSeventhAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,whichguaranteesajurytrialincivilcases.BothprovisionsweremadeapplicabletothestatesthroughtheFourteenthAmendment.TheU.S.SupremeCourtnotedtheimportanceofthejuryrightinits1968rulingofDuncanv.Louisiana.InDuncan
8、,theCourtsaid:"Thosewhowroteourconstitutionsknewfromhistoryandexperiencethatitwasnecessarytoprotectagainstunfoundedcriminalchargesbroughttoeliminateenem
