土木工程外文翻译(外文)框架EE.doc

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1、本外文文献来自《SimplifiedDesignofSteelStructures》（《钢结构简化设计丛书第七版》）,作者JamesAmbrose（詹姆斯·安布罗斯）。INVESTIGATIONOFSTRUCTURALBEHAVIORInvestigatinghowstructuresbehaveisanimportantpartofstructuraldesign:itprovidesabasisforensuringtheadequacyandsafetyofadesign,InthissectionIdiscussstructur

2、alinvestigationingeneral.AsIdothroughoutthisbook.Ifocusonmaterialrelevanttostructuraldesigntasks.PurposeofInvestigationMoststructuresexistbecausetheyareneeded.Anyevaluationofastructurethusmustbeginwithananalysisofhoweffectivelythestructuremeetstheusagerequirements.Design

3、ersmustconsiderthefollowingthreefactors:lFunctionality.orthegeneralphysicalrelationshipsofthestructure'sform.detail.durability.fireresistance.deformationresistance.andsoon.lFeasibility.includingcost.availabilityofmaterialsandproducts.andpracticalityofconstruction.lSafet

4、y.orcapacity10resistanticipatedloads.MeansAninvestigationofafullydefinedstructureinvolvesthefollowing:1.Determinethestructure'sphysicalbeing-materials,form,scale.orientation.location.supportconditions,andinternalcharacteranddetail.2.Determinethedemandsplacedonthestructur

5、e-thatis.loads.3.Determinethestructure'sdeformationlimits.4.Determinethestructure'sloadresponse-howithandlesinternalforcesandstressesandsignificantdeformations.5.Evaluatewhetherthestructurecansafelyhandletherequiredstructuraltasks.Investigationmaytakeseveralforms.Youcanl

6、Visualizegraphicallythestructure'sdeformationunderload.lManipulatemathematicalmodels.lTestthestructureorascaledmodel,measuringitsresponsestoloads.Whenprecisequantitativeevaluationsarerequired.usemathematicalmodelsbasedonreliabletheoriesordirectlymeasurephysicalresponses.

7、Ordinarily.mathematicalmodelingprecedesanyactualconstruction-evenofatestmodel.Limitdirectmeasurementtoexperimentalstudiesortoverifyinguntestedtheoriesordesignmethods.VisualAidsInthisbook,Iemphasizegraphicalvisualization;sketchesarcinvaluablelearningandproblem-solvingaids

8、.Threetypesofgraphicsaremostuseful:thefree-bodydiagram.theexaggeratedprofileofaload-deformedstru