土木工程外文翻译(外文)框架.doc

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1、4.1INVESTIGATIONOFSTRUCTURALBEHAVIORInvestigatinghowstructuresbehaveisanimportantpartofstructuraldesign:itprovidesabasisforensuringtheadequacyandsafetyofadesign,InthissectionIdiscussstructuralinvestigationingeneral.AsIdothroughoutthisbook.Ifocusonmaterialrelevanttostructuraldesi

2、gntasks.PurposeofInvestigationMoststructuresexistbecausetheyareneeded.Anyevaluationofastructurethusmustbeginwithananalysisofhoweffectivelythestructuremeetstheusagerequirements.Designersmustconsiderthefollowingthreefactors:lFunctionality.orthegeneralphysicalrelationshipsofthestruct

3、ure'sform.detail.durability.fireresistance.deformationresistance.andsoon.lFeasibility.includingcost.availabilityofmaterialsandproducts.andpracticalityofconstruction.lSafety.orcapacity10resistanticipatedloads.MeansAninvestigationofafullydefinedstructureinvolvesthefollowing:1.Det

4、erminethestructure'sphysicalbeing-materials,form,scale.orientation.location.supportconditions,andinternalcharacteranddetail.2.Determinethedemandsplacedonthestructure-thatis.loads.3.Determinethestructure'sdeformationlimits.4.Determinethestructure'sloadresponse-howithandlesinternalf

5、orcesandstressesandsignificantdeformations.5.Evaluatewhetherthestructurecansafelyhandletherequiredstructuraltasks.Investigationmaytakeseveralforms.YoucanlVisualizegraphicallythestructure'sdeformationunderload.lManipulatemathematicalmodels.lTestthestructureorascaledmodel,measuring

6、itsresponsestoloads.Whenprecisequantitativeevaluationsarerequired.usemathematicalmodelsbasedonreliabletheoriesordirectlymeasurephysicalresponses.Ordinarily.mathematicalmodelingprecedesanyactualconstruction-evenofatestmodel.Limitdirectmeasurementtoexperimentalstudiesortoverifying

7、untested6/6theoriesordesignmethods.VisualAidsInthisbook,Iemphasizegraphicalvisualization;sketchesarcinvaluablelearningandproblem-solvingaids.Threetypesofgraphicsaremostuseful:thefree-bodydiagram.theexaggeratedprofileofaload-deformedstructure.andthescaledpial.Afree-bodydiagramcombi

8、nesapictureofanisolatedphysicalcl