宇宙射线简介.pptx

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1、AnIntroductiontoCOSMICRAYSWEIHONGJIANGSESS,PKU1785CharlesCoulombDiscoveredthatchargedbodyintheairbecomesdischarged1909TheodorWulfDiscoveredhigherlevelsofradiationatthetopoftheEiffelTowerthanatitsbasewithanelectrometerdevelopedbyhimselfDiscoveryofCosmicRays1912Vic

2、torHessFoundtheionizationrateincreasedapproximatelyfourfoldovertherateatgroundlevelatanaltitudeof5300metersMadeaballoonascentduringanear-totaleclipseandruledouttheSunastheradiation'ssourceWontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1936DiscoveryofCosmicRays1932C.AndersonDiscovered

3、theanti-electron1936S.NeddermeyerandC.AndersonDiscoveredthemuon1938PierreAugerandRolandMazeDiscoveredExtensiveAirShower1946G.RochesterandC.ButlerDiscoveredK01965A.PenziasandR.WilsonDiscoveredCBMRadiationDiscoverywithCosmicRaysAtomicnucleizoomingthroughspace90%prot

4、ons,9%heliumnuclei,nearly1%electronsandheavynucleus.Othersareneutrinos,GammaraysandantimatterPrimaryCosmicRaysElementalabundanceintheCRsandtheGalaxy(RelativetoH)PrimaryCosmicRaysTheenergyspectrumforcosmicraysPrimaryCosmicRaysParticlesgeneratedinthecascadeprocessth

5、atstartedbyPrimaryCRshitothernucleusintheatmosphereCantravelfasterthanthespeedoflightinair(stillslowerthanthatinvacuum)SecondaryCosmicRaysVerticalfluxesofcosmicraysintheatmosphereSecondaryCosmicRaysAnextensivecascadeofionizedparticlesandelectromagneticradiationpro

6、ducedintheatmosphereCascade:Anincidentparticle,whichcouldbeaproton,anucleus,anelectron,aphoton,or(rarely)apositron,strikesamoleculeintheairsoastoproducemanyenergetichadronsTheunstablehadronsdecayintheairspeedilyintootherparticlesandelectromagneticradiation,whichar

7、epartoftheshowercomponentsExtensiveAirShowerElectromagneticEASHadron-inducedEASExtensiveAirShowerShowerparticletracks:Proton(Simulation)ExtensiveAirShowerSpaceExperimentAMS[AlphaMagneticSpectrometer]OSSE[OrientedScintillationSpectrometerExperiment]NINA[NewInstrume

8、ntforNuclearAnalysis]PAMELA[PayloadforAntimatterMatterExplorationandLight-nucleiAstrophysics]EUSO[ExtremeUniverseSpaceObservatory]GLAST[Gamma-rayLargeAr