论文写作指导.ppt

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1、SelectingresearchdesignsResearchDesignsQUANTITATIVE(定量）ANDQUALITATIVE（定性）Quantitativeresearch–empiricalresearchwherethedataareintheformofnumbers.(vocabularysize)Qualitativeresearch--empiricalresearchwherethedataareNOTintheformofnumbers.(vocabularyexpansionstrategiesbyinterview)Bothareempiri

2、calresearch,butdifferentintheformofdata.Howtoidentify:quantitative--number,qualitative--narrative.ResearchDesignsQuantitativeresearchQualitativeresearchObjectiveExamineestablishedvariablessoastoconfirmorrefuteahypothesesIdentifyvariablesforfurtherresearchandformulatehypothesesforfuturetesti

3、ngQuestionsSpecifiedbeforedata-collectionGraduallyspecifiedintheprocessSampleAlargesampleAsmallsampleData-collectionStructuredLess-structuredData-analysisStatisticalNon-statisticalandstatisticalOutcomeGeneralizableUngeneralizablePowerfulwhenresearchistovalidatethefindingsinpreviousstudiesUs

4、efulwhentheresearchisexploratoryinnatureResearchDesignsAdvantagesofusingtwodesignstogetherTwodesignsmorepowerfulandconvincingresultsQuantitativedesign:standardizedstatementdifficulttodesigncanbeeasilyanswereddata-analysisissimpleandstraightforwardnottouchingQualitativedesign:simpleindesignh

5、ardtoanswerdetailedanddiversifiedincontentdifficulttoanalyzeResearchDesignsQuantitativeQualitativeResultsQualitativeQuantitativeResultsUnbalanced/sequentialmixeddesignsResearchDesignsInstrumentQuantitativeresearch–Questionnaire,ExperimentalStudyQualitativeresearch–Casestudy:Interview,Think-

6、aloud,Diary,ObservationLinksbetweenquestionanddesignQuestionfirstordesignfirst?Logicallyspeaking,questionsshouldalwayscomefirst.Weshouldfirstthinkclearlywhatwearetryingtoresearchandthenconsiderhowwearegoingtodoit.Ifwearenotsurewhatweaimat,then,thereisnopointofthinkingofthedesign.Howtomatchq

7、uestionswithdesigns?Differentquestionsneeddifferentdesignstotacklethem.Allresearchquestionscanbeputintotwobiggroups:onegroupofquestionsmustbeansweredbyquantitativedesignswhiletheothermustbeansweredbyqualitativedesigns.Oftenthewordingofaquestionhasimplic