美国文学期末整理.docx

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1、美国文学史名词解释及五大流派分析NativeAmericanoralliteratureisofthreetypes:originstories,trickstertales,andhistoricalnarratives.Originstoriesarethosedramatizingtribalinterpretationsofhowtheearthoriginatedorofhowpeopleestablishedrelationshipswithplants,animalsandthecosmosTrickstertalesareh

2、umoroustalesfeaturingtrickstercharacters.Tricksterfiguresarepeopleintheformofanimalsorhalfanimalandhalfhuman.TheyoftenexistonthemarginsofthesocialworldHistoricalnarrativesarediverseinkind.Ofthisvasthistoricalliterature,manystoriesrecountEuropeancolonizationfromtheperspecti

3、veofNativeAmericans.PuritanismAPuritanwasanypersonwhotriedtobecomemorepurethrough worship and doctrine.ThePuritans'wayoflifeandsetofbeliefswerecalled Puritanism.ThemostimportantpartsofPuritanismwerepiety(obeyingreligiousrules),dressingsimply,andlivingamodestlife.And“origin

4、alsin(原罪)”and“grace”aretwoimportantpremisesinPuritanism.Witchcrafttrialsinthe17thcenturywereadeeplytroublingyetsignificantphenomenonwiththepuritancommunity.In1542,theEnglishParliamentmadeacapitaloffense.Subsequently,severalhundredpeoplewereaccusedandhanged.Awitchwassuppose

5、dtobesomeonewhoperformedevildeedsintheserviceofSatan.Theywerebelievedtohavefamiliarsoranimalsthatwoulddoevilforthem.Witchcrafttrials-soitisargued-wereperhapsawaytopunishimproperbehaviorortorestrictpower.Enlightenment,startinginthe17thcenturywiththescientificrevolution,wasa

6、momentousintellectualmovementthatgraduallyestablishedasystemofmodernvaluesthatemphasizereason,science,knowledgeandprogress.InAmerica,enlightenmentideasnurturedagreaterparticipatoryandinterestinworldlyaffairs:Americansgainedgreaterconfidencethatamorereasonablepoliticalandso

7、cialordercouldbeestablished.UndertheinfluenceoftheEnlightenment,Americansalsolearnedtotakeactionstoresistoppressivepowerandtocriticizeandreformgovernment.TheEnlightenmentdevelopedquiterigorouslyinFranceandotherEuropeancountriesinthe18thcentury.Itwasalsointhe18ththatinfluen

8、cesoftheEnlightenmentreachedthecoloniesofAmerica.AutobiographyNegativecapabilitywasfirstu