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1、胡壮麟语言学名词解释总结1.designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsinclucleimformativefunction,interpersonalf
2、unction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3.etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Beingeticmansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviou
3、slyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4.emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonetha
4、tisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator’singenuithorintuitionalone.5.synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation
5、.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6.diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7.prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.8.descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsare
6、justdescribed.9.arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.10.duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelemen
7、tsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.11.displacement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunica
8、tion.12.phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.13.metalanguage:certainkindsoflinguisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.14.macrolingu
