胡壮麟语言学 重点名词解释

《胡壮麟语言学 重点名词解释》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、语言学重点名词解释1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.2.Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.3.Arbitrarinessrefersthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenalinguistic

2、symbolandwhatthesymbolstandsfor(meaningandsounds).4.Dualitymeansthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.5.Creativity(productivity)m

3、eanslanguageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualityandrecursiveness.6.Displacementmeanslanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.7.Culturaltransmission:languageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thedetailso

4、fthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedbyeachspeaker.8.Interchangeability:meansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproducerandareceiverofmessages.9.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage10.Descriptivemeansthelinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactua

5、llyuse.Prescriptivemeansthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguagetotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandnotsay.11.Synchronic共时inwhichlanguagesaretreatedasself-containedsystemsofcommunicationatanyparticulartime在那一刻、时、块的情况（当代、古

6、代）Diachronic历时inwhichthechangestowhichlanguagesaresubjectinthecourseoftimeandtreatedhistorically.(在过程中都有什么变化、区别、有大时间变化)2个共时即为历时12.Langueandparole找笔记重点。Competenceandperformance找笔记重点。13.Phoneticsstudieshowspeechsoundsareproduced,transmitted,andperceived;itisc

7、oncernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.14.Consonants：aresoundsproducedbyobstructingtheflowofairintheoralcavity。Vowels：areproducedwhentheairstreammeetswithnoobstruction。15.diacritics：areadditionalsymbolsormarksusedtogetherwiththeconsonantandv

8、owelsymbolstoindicatenuancesofchangeintheirpronunciation.16.Phonologyisthestudyofthesoundpatternsandsoundsystemsoflanguages.Itaimstodiscovertheprinciplesthatgovernsthewaysoundsareorganizedinlanguages,a