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1、牛奶蛋白过敏(CMPA)的诊断与治疗陈同辛上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院上海市儿科医学研究所雀巢公司培训(2009-3-9,重庆)在婴儿和低龄儿童CMPA/I是最常见的食物不良反应5%-15%儿童存在着疑似CMPA/I的症状发病率实际为2%-3%(激发试验结果)牛奶蛋白过敏或不耐受(CMPA/I)发生率儿童牛奶蛋白过敏和不耐受(CMPA/I)与特应性疾病的临床过程1749婴儿(1年中出生)117(6.7%)CMPA/I疑似症状39(2.2%)(1.5-2.9%)确诊CMPA/I78未确诊CMPA/I9(0.5%)(0.2-0.9%)CMPA/I母乳可抗CMPFig.1.P
2、rospectivestudyof1-yearbirthcohortfrom1985inOdense,Denmark.CMP,cow’smilkprotein;CMPA/I,cow’smilkproteinallergy/intolerance.Some117/1749(6.7%)hadsymptomssuggestiveofcow’smilkproteinallergy/intolerance(CMPA/I)duringthefirstyearoflife.Basedoncontrolledmilkeliminationsandchallengeprocedurethed
3、iagnosisofCMPA/Iwasconfirmedin39/117,resultingina1-yearincidenceofCMPA/Iof2.2%with95%confidenceintervalof1.5–2.9%.Nineof39infantswithCMPA/Iwereconfirmedtoreactagainstcow’smilkproteininhumanmilk,correspondingto0.5%ofthebirthcohort(95%confidenceintervalof0.2–0.9%)HostA,etal.Clinicalcourseofc
4、ow’smilkproteinallergy/intoleranceandatopicdiseasesinchildhood.PediatrAllergyImmunol,2002,13(Suppl.15):23–28CMPA/I的预后(1)HostA,etal.Clinicalcourseofcow’smilkproteinallergy/intoleranceandatopicdiseasesinchildhood.PediatrAllergyImmunol,2002,13(Suppl.15):23–28CMPA/I的预后(2)HostA,etal.Clinicalcou
5、rseofcow’smilkproteinallergy/intoleranceandatopicdiseasesinchildhood.PediatrAllergyImmunol,2002,13(Suppl.15):23–28CMPA/I的预后(3)HostA,etal.Clinicalcourseofcow’smilkproteinallergy/intoleranceandatopicdiseasesinchildhood.PediatrAllergyImmunol,2002,13(Suppl.15):23–28Fig1疑似食物过敏患儿的临床评估病史发病年龄、临床表现
6、、喂养史、辅食添加时间、食物或其他因素所致的相关症状、家族或个体特应性疾病史体格检查检查食物过敏的体征、与相关疾病鉴别筛查试验血清总IgE、嗜酸细胞、血清特异性IgE、SPT、斑贴试验、膳食回避试验诊断确定对照的口服激发试验*必要行胃肠病学试验(内窥镜、组织学、炎性标记、胃肠动力)CananiRB,etal.Thediagnosisoffoodallergyinchildren.CurrOpinPediatr,20:584-589牛乳蛋白过敏的表现(CMPA)大多数牛乳蛋白过敏婴儿在1月龄之内出现症状大多数婴儿有二种或更多的症状症状:呕吐,胃肠道症状:食用后最快1-2小时腹
7、泻:食用后2-6小时Hostetal.,Allergy1990食物过敏:症状急性过敏综合征!喘息哮喘咳嗽鼻炎湿疹搔痒皮疹荨麻疹水肿干燥腹泻直肠出血呕吐拒食生长发育迟缓反流便秘腹痛口腔过敏综合征咽/唇/舌水肿/搔痒特应性皮炎(AD)与CMPA/I单纯AD(平均年龄17.6m):CMPA/I发生率37%(20/54例)1岁内CMPA/I儿童:AD发生率40%-50%NovembreE.Allergy2001;56(Suppl67):105-8大多具有特应性疾病家族史牛奶蛋白使其症状发生改变多种食物不耐受/过敏性疾病持续