资源描述：
《化学与应用化学专业英语命名课件.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、NomenclatureofChemicalsubstanceInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC)TheIUPACnameofanalkanewithanunbranchedchainofcarbonatomsconsistsoftwoparts:－－aprefixthatindicatesthenumberofcarbonatomsinthechain;－－theendingthatindicatesthespeciesNomenclatureofHydrocarbonPrefixsusedintheIUP
2、ACsystemtoindicateoneto20carbonatomsinachainNomenclatureofHydrocarbon烷烃（Alkanes）：-ane甲烷－methane,乙烷－ethane,己烷－hexane烷烃基（烷基－alkyl）方法：删去-ane，加上-yl；如甲基：methyl；乙基：ethyl；正丁基：n-butyl；异丙基：iso-propyl;(n-:normol,正；iso-：异；neo-：新)命名原则alphabeticalorder3-ethyl-3-methyl-pentane表示相同的基团数3,3-dimethyl-penta
3、ne(2:di-,3:tri-,4:tetre-,5:penta-;6:hexa-…….)在字母序中不考虑表示数字的字.NomenclatureofHydrocarbon烯烃(Alkenes)：-ene乙烯－ethene；丙稀－propene；戊烯－pentene.双键的位置：2-pentene；2-methyl-2-pentene.1,3－丁二烯－1,3-butadiene烯烃基（alkylene）乙烯基：vinyl氯乙烯－vinylchloride炔烃(Alkynes)：-yne乙炔－ethyne丙炔－propyne;4-甲基-2-己炔－4-methyl-2-hexy
4、neNomenclatureofHydrocarbon醇（Alcohols）：-ol乙醇－ethanol,异丙醇－iso-propanol,HOCH2CH2OH:1,2-ethanediol(ethyleneglycol);CH3CH(OH)CH2OH:1,2-propanediol(propyleneglycol);HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH:1,2,3-propanetriol(glycerol).醚（Ethers）烷烃为母链，烷氧基为取代基(OR)，烷氧基的命名：数字前缀加oxy,如甲氧基：methoxy;乙氧基ethoxy;C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C－p
5、ropoxybutane.氧两边的烷基为取代基，醚作母链：丙基丁基醚－propylbutylether特例：乙醚－CH3CH2OCH2CH3:diethylether,ethylether,etherNomenclatureofDerivative胺（Amines）以胺为母体－amine;乙胺－ethylamine;丙胺－propylamine以胺为取代基：amino-；乙胺－aminoethane;丙胺－aminopropane(CH3)2CHCH2CH2NH2－1-amino-3-methylbutane(isopentylamine)CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)
6、CH2NHCH3－N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentaneNH2(CH2)6NH2－1,6-diaminohexane(hexamethylenediamino)如有几个取代基，胺基作amino-；4-胺基苯酚－4-aminophenol.苯胺：aniline；４-氯-苯胺－4-chloroaniline(p-chloroaniline)四甲基氢氧化铵：Tetramethylammoniumhydroxide三甲基戊基碘化铵trimethylpentylammoniumiodideNomenclatureofDerivative醛（Aldehyde
7、s）：-alCH3CH2CHO:propanal;(CH3)2CHCH2CHO:3-methylbutanal;CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO:2-methylbutanal苯甲醛－benzaldehyde（俗名）不饱和醛：-enalH2C=CH-CHO:propenalCHO-CH=(CH3)CCH2CH2CH=C(CH3)CHO3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal.酮（Ketones）酮作母体:-one丙酮－2-propanone；4-甲基-3-己酮－4-methyl-3-hexanone２-甲基-环己
