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1、GREATEXPECTATIONScontentAbouttheauthor1Historicalbackground2Maincharacters3Summaryofvolume14Somesentences5Supplementvolume(n.)卷，册Portsmouth(n.)朴茨茅斯（英国港市）debtor(n.)债务人；（会计）借方siblings(n.)兄弟姐妹alienations(n.)疏远；异化；转让serial(n.)连载小说Victorian(n.)维多利亚时代turbulent(adj.)骚乱的，混乱的rampant(
2、adj.)猖獗的；蔓延的paradoxical(adj.)矛盾的；fiance(n.)未婚夫humble(adj.)简陋的；（地位级别）低的ill-tempered(adj.)脾气暴躁的temperament(n.)性情，性格apprentice(n.)学徒；生手oar(n.)桨，橹oars(n.)桨，桨手（复数）(v.)划船HardTimes《艰难时世》DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔》ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》ThePickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》Hislifeandtimes1812--1870P
3、ersonalExperienceCharleswasborninportsmouth,England,in1812.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Heleftschoolwhenhewas12becausethesituationofhisfamily.Andthenhisfatherwassenttoprisonasadebtor.Hismotherandsiblingsweresenttodebtor'sprisontoo,butnotCharles......Hehadtoworktosupporthisentirefami
4、ly.TheseexperiencesinDickens'youthdirectlyinfluencedthedevelopm--entofthemesinhiswritingssuchasabandonment,alienation,betrayal,andchildhoodpoverty.AWritingLifeDickenswrote15novelstotalaswellascountlessshortstoriesandarticles,includingGreatExpectations,HardTimes,DavidCopperfi
5、eld,OliverTwistandATaleofTwoCities.DickensoncetookvariousjobssuchasareporterbutafterthesuccessoftheserialThePickwickPapers(1837),hebecameafull-timenovelist.In1859,theyearinwhichATaleofTwoCitieswaspublished,Dickenswasprobablythemostpopularauthorofhistime.BackgroundofEnglandin
6、the1800sVictorianthesettingofnovelisfromtheChristmasEveof1812tothewinterof1840"Recalledtolife",newbeginningsandnewpurpose.The1800swereaturbulenttimeinEngland.Povertyanddiseasewererampant.Thelegalsystemwasunjust.ManyabusesNorightsforchildrenMoneycouldsolveanyproblemsWomenhadf
7、ewlegalrights.Ifadivorceshouldoccur,thehusbandreceivedthechildrenandanyandallpropertyorbelongingsofthewife,evenoftheywereinherpossessionbeforethemarriage.Pip:Pipistheleadingroleofthisnovel.Hisparentsdeadearlyandheliveswithhiseldersisterandherhusbandatbeginning.Later,hewantst
8、obeagentlemanbecauseofthechangesofenvironment.Hislifetimefullsofupsanddowns
