Argumentative essay 英文议论文写作.ppt

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1、TheArgumentativeEssayⅠ.Maincommunicativepurposesoftheargumentativeessay:Toconvinceorpersuadetoagreewithanopinion;todefendanopinion;toattackanopinionyoubelievetobemisguiding,untrue,orevilⅡ.BasicfeaturesTheargumentativeessaymusttakeacontroversialissueforanopendebate,i.

2、e.,theissuemustbearguable;Theargumentcannotbegeneralbelief;personalpreference;orfactTwosidesaregenerallyinvolved:proponents(thoseinfavoroftheissue)andopponents(thoseagainsttheissue);Thethesismusttakeasideofanissue,andfrequentlyproposesacourseofaction;Theargumentative

3、essayarehighlypersuasiveandlogical(oftenexpressedwiththemodal“should”);Goodlogicistheheartoftheargumentativeessay.Ⅲ.StrategiesforlogicalpersuasionBefullyawareofyouraudienceorreader;Asthepurposeofanargumentativeessayistoconvincethereaderofyourposition,youshouldaddress

4、yourreaderbywritingobjectively,logically,andrespectfully.Trytoidentifyandunderstandyouropponent’spointofviewYoucannotjustpresentyourownopinioninargumentation.Thiscanneverconvincethereader.Youhavetoconsiderthepointofviewofyouropponent’s.3.Usetwoformsoflogicalreasoning

5、:inductionanddeduction.Induction（归纳）:theprocessofreasoningfromtheparticulardetailstothegeneralconclusion.Itinvolvesexaminingparticulardetailssuchasspecificcases,facts,orexamples.Theconclusionismadebasedontheevidencecomingfromthespecificdetails.Deduction（演绎）:theproces

6、sofreasoningfromthegeneraltothespecific.Itbeginswithageneralizationandisappliedinaspecificcase.Theconclusionisdrawnbasedonageneralization.Deductioninvolvesathree-stepformofreasoningcalledSyllogism（三段论）:MajorPremise(theinitialgeneralization),MinorPremise(thespecificca

7、se),andConclusion(theresultingstatement).Thisthree-stepformcanbeillustratedasfollows:MajorPremise:Dogsbark.MinorPremise:LittleBrownisadog.Conclusion:Therefore,LittleBrownbarks.Tobemorespecific,themajorpremiseisageneralizationthatyouandyourreadercanbothagreeon,whether

8、itisagenerallyacceptedstatementorwhetheryouhavealreadyproveditearlierintheargument.Theminorpremiseisthepartthatyouneedtoproveinyour