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1、第22卷第1期生态学报Vol.22,No.12002年1月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAJan.,2002全球碳循环中的失汇及其形成原因王效科,白艳莹,欧阳志云,苗鸿(中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态室,北京100085)摘要:近20多年来,大气碳收支不平衡,即碳失汇(Missingcarbonsink),一直是全球碳循环研究的核心问题之一。在总结全球碳失汇的主要研究成果基础上,分析了碳失汇数量和可能分布地点,并对形成的主要原因:CO2施肥作用、氮沉降的变化、变暖促进氮矿化和早期破坏后的森林再生等,进行了综述和分析,指出了该问题的复杂性。关键词
2、:碳汇;全球碳循环;热带;温带;CO2;氮沉降MissingSinkinGlobalCarbonCycleandItsCausesWANGXiao2Ke,BAIYan2Ying,OUYANGZhi2Yun,MIAOHong(DSE,ResearchCenterforEco2EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2002,22(1):94～103Abstract:Theglobalcarboncyclehasdrawns
3、pecialattentionbypolicymakersandscientists.InDecember1997,theKyotoProtocolhasbeenproposedbyPartiestoClimateChangeFrameofUnitedNations,inwhich39industrializedcountriesareaskedtoimpletementthedutiesofreductionofCO2emission.Basedonrecentestimationofglobalcarbonchangeintheatmosphere,
4、andocean,anthropogeniccarbonemissiontotheatmosphere(711Pgöa)ismorethanthesumofcarbonaccumulatedintheatmosphere(313±012PgC)andabsorbedbytheocean(210±018PgC).Thesurplusisabout118PgCöa,calledmissingcar2bonsink.Ifthemissingsinkwerenotquantifiedandlocated,thefutureCO2concentrationinth
5、eatmo2spherewouldnotbepredicted.Somissingcarbonsinkhasbeenacriticalprobleminstudyofglobalcarboncyclesince1970s.Afterinvestigatingthemajorresearchesontheestimationofglobalcarbonbudgets,thisreviewassessedtheestimateofcarbonmissingsinkanditspotentiallocation,andanalyzedthecontribute
6、sofcarbonsink:climatechange,CO2fertilization,Ndeposition,andregenerationofharvestedforest.Inglobalscale,theamountofmissingcarbonisdeterminedbyfourcomponent:carbonaccumulationintheatmosphere,carbonemissionsfromfossilfuelcombustionandlandusechange,andcarbonabsorp2tionbyocean.Theamo
7、untsofthefourcomponentshavebeenmeasuredorestimatedwithdifferentdatasourceandperiodbydifferentauthors,whichimpliesamissingcarbonsinkinrangeof0～311Pgöa.Car2bonaccumulatedintheatmpsherewereestimatedinrangeof219～314PgCöabasedonicecorerecordsbefore1957,onatmosphericCO2measurementthen.
8、Nowthisestimationwillbasedonglobalatmosp
