语篇连贯与衔接课件.ppt

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1、CoherenceinParagraphWritingCoherenceInadditiontounity,everygoodparagraphmustalsohavecoherence.Coherenceisconnectionandconsistency.Acoherentparagraphisoneinwhichallthesentencesarerelatedlogicallyandgrammaticallytomakeawholethatallowsthereadertofollowthewriter’strainoft

2、houghtstepbystep.CoherenceCoherencemeansclearandreasonableconnectionbetweenparts.Inacoherentparagraph,eachsentencerelatesclearlytothetopicsentenceorcontrollingidea,butthereismoretocoherencethanthis.Ifaparagraphiscoherent,eachsentenceflowssmoothlyintothenextwithoutobvio

3、usshiftsorjumps.Acoherentparagraphalsohighlightsthetiesbetweenoldinformationandnewinformationtomakethestructureofideasorargumentscleartothereader.CoherenceExample:JohnnyboughtaFord.AcarinwhichPresidentWilsonroaddowntheChampsElysees(香榭丽舍大道)wasblack.BlackEnglishhasbeenwi

4、delydiscussed.Thediscussionbetweenthepresidentsendedlastweek.Aweekhassevendays.EverydayIfeedmycat.Catshavefourlegs.Thecatisonthemat.Mathasthreeletters.CoherenceCoherencemeansthattheideasinyourparagraphshouldflowsmoothlyfromonesentencetothenexttomakeclear,logicpointsabo

5、utyoursubject.Yourparagraphshouldnotbealistofsimplesentenceswritteninrandomorder;instead,thereadershouldbeabletofolloweasilywhatyouhavewrittenandseequicklyhoweachsentencegrowsoutofeachprevioussentenceindevelopingthesubjectoftheparagraph.CoherencethroughPronounReference

6、PronounsYoucancreateacoherentparagraphbyusingpronounstoreferbacktoprecedingnounsintheparagraph.Forinstance,youcanuse:He/sheThey/theirIt/itsThis/that/those/theseExample:Thewriterwroteanovel.Hethensolditapublisher.CoherencethroughRepetitionExample：Therewasacatonthetable.

7、Thecatwassmiling.Noonecanbeperfectlyfreetillallarefree;noonecanbeperfectlymoraltillallaremoral;noonecanbeperfectlyhappytillallarehappy.Here'sashortexampleofstructuralrepetitionfromtheplayGettingMarried,byGeorgeBernardShaw:Therearecoupleswhodislikeoneanotherfuriouslyfor

8、severalhoursatatime;therearecoupleswhodislikeoneanotherpermanently;andtherearecoupleswhoneverdislikeoneanother;butthe