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1、TheSilentWayWhatistheSilentWay?ItisthenameofalanguageteachingmethoddevisedbyDr.CalebGattegno.BackgroundAmericaneducator,CalebGattegnocreatedinthe70s,1983.Basicprinciple:Teachingshouldbesubordinatedtolearning.Teachingistoservelearningprocessratherthantodominateit.Learnersarea
2、ctivelysearchingforrulesofthetargetlanguageregardingtothelearnerinthecognitiveapproach.Errorssignsthatstudentswereactivelytestingtheirhypotheses.NoEnglishteachingmethodsaredirectlyfromcognitiveapproach,butanumberofinnovativemethodsemerged.Thesilentwayisoneofthem.BackgroundDu
3、ringtheprocessofteaching, theteacherhastobesilentasmuch astheycould,butthelearnerhasto beencouragedtoproduceasmuch languageaspossible.TheapproachiscalledtheSilentWaybecausetheteacherremainsmainlysilent,togivestudentsthespacetheyneedtolearntotalk.Inthisapproach,itisassume
4、dthatthestudents'previousexperienceoflearningfromtheirmothertonguewillcontributetolearningthenewforeignlanguage.Theacquisitionofthemothertonguebringsawarenessofwhatlanguageisandthisisretainedinsecondlanguagelearning.Theawarenessofwhatlanguageisincludestheuseofnon-verbalcompo
5、nentsoflanguagesuchasintonation,melody,breathing,inflection,theconventionofwriting,andthecombinationsoflettersfordifferentsounds.Rods,pictures,objectsorsituationsareaidsusedforlinkingsoundsandmeaningsintheSilentWay.ThecoloredCuisenairerods奎西奈彩色棒onepointerTheteacherusescharts
6、,gestures,andmanipulativestoelicitandshapestudentresponsesandsomustbebothfacileandcreativeasapantomimistandpuppeteer.Withintheatmosphereofsilence,learnerswouldconcentrateonthetasktobeaccomplishedandthepotentialmeanstoitsaccomplishment.Learnersgoontocreatetheirownutterances
7、byputtingtogetheralltheinformationtheyhave.Learnersonlyhavethemselvesandthegrouptorelyon, andtheyneedtoworkcooperativelyratherthan competitively.Thoughteachersmodelingisminimal,learnersare expectedtodevelopindependence,autonomy, andresponsibility.Theabsenceofcorrectionan
8、drepeatedmodelingfromteachersrequirestudentstodevelop“innercriteria”andtoco
