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1、专四语法(虚拟语气)概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句—主将从现 eg.Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___. A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
2、答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will. (错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit. (对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit. 2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件
3、句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be用were不分人称)would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式(be用were)should+动词原形wereto+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgothere.nIfIhad
4、time,Iwoulddoitagain.nIfIhadknownofyourarrival,Ishouldhavemetyouatthestation.nIfshehadfurtherconsideredtheproblem,shemighthavecometothecorrectconclusion.真题举例:1.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_____quitesuchacrowdpeoplethere.(00,49)[C]A.weren’
5、t B.hasn’tbeen C.hadn’tbeen D. wouldn’tbe2.Ifyourcar_____duringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(98,43)[B]A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed3.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.(09,52)[B]A.couldhavebeenB.woul
6、dbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen4._____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.(02,60)[A]A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot5.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(05,51)[A]A.wouldbeB.wil
7、lhavebeenC.wasD.were6.Iwastohavemadeaspeechif_____.(97,51)[C]A.IwasnotcalledawayB.nobodywouldhavecalledmeawayC.IhadnotbeencalledawayD.nobodycalledmeaway错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。nHaditnotbeenforthetimelyinvest
8、mentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.n(主句与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)nHadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.n(主句与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反)真题举例:1.HadJudybeenmorecarefulont