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1、Chapter3MorphologicalstructureofEnglishwordsObjectives:Discussmorphemes,theirclassificationandidentification;Explaintherelationshipbetweenmorphemesandword-formationTeachingfocus:DefinitionofmorphemesDefinitionofallomorphsTypesofTypesofmorphemesfreemorphemeboundmorphemeDefin
2、itionsofroot,stemandbase1.MorphemeWhatisamorpheme？Itistheminimalmeaningfulunitoflanguage.Oritisthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小的构词单位2.MorphandallomorphThedefinitionofmorphs：Thephoneticororthographicstringsorsegmentswhichrealizemorphemes
3、aretermed‘morphs’.语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。Morphsareactualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning.形素是口语中最小的意义载体。Whatisanallomorph?Anallomorphisoneofthevariantsofthesamemorpheme.语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。ForexampleWhenthepluralmarker{s}isaddedtocat,dog,andhorse,itispronounceddifferentlyas/-s,-z,-iz
4、/andthushasthreephonologicalforms;thethreeformsarejustthevariantsofthesamemorpheme{s},i.e.theallomorphsofmorpheme{s}.3.ClassificationsofmorphemesFreevs.boundmorphemesintermsoftheircapacityofoccurringaloneDerivationalvs.inflectionalmorphemes applyingtoaffixesonlyContent/lexi
5、calvs.grammaticalmorphemeonasemanticandsyntacticbasisFreevs.boundmorphemes自由语素与粘着语素Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesarefree.Freemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。E.g.,man,wi
6、nd,open,tourMorphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound.Theyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwordsortoperformaparticulargrammaticalfunction.粘着语素不能独立成词，只能依附于其他语素上以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。Freemorphemesareallroots/freeroots,whicharecapableofbeingusedaswordsorasword-buildingelementstof
7、ormnewwords.自由语素都是词根,也叫自由词根,能用作词或作为构成新词的构词要素。Boundmorphemesconsistofeitherroots(boundroots)oraffixes.粘着语素包括词根（粘着词根）和词缀。E.g.,boundroot:-dict-,-ced-affix:-ion,-ist,-icAmultitudeofwordsmadeupofmerelyboundmorphemes,eg:ante-ced-ent.-ced-是词根，‘接近’，ante-是前缀，‘在…前’，-ent是后缀，‘人，物’，Deri
8、vationalvs.inflectionalmorphemes派生语素与屈折语素Whatarederivationalandinflectionalmorphem
