海洋生物--英文版教学教材.ppt

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1、ToxicandStingingSeaCreaturesStripedEelCatfish（条纹鳗鲶鱼)PhotographybyTanawatLikitkererat,MyShotEachstripedeelcatfishisarmedwithvenomous（分泌毒液的）spines(体刺）onitsdorsal（背部的）andpectoralfins（胸鳍）thatcandeliveraverypainfulsting—thoughonerarelyfataltohumans.StargazerFishUsingitspectoralfinsasshovels（铲车）,

2、thestargazerfishdigsintotheseafloorsand,leavingitseyesandmouthexposedtospotandeatpassingprey（被捕食的动物）.ReefStonefishThereefstonefishisamasterofcamouflage（伪装）oftenmistakenforacolorfulrockorchunkofcoral—anabilitythathelpsittoambush（埋伏）passingfishandcrustaceans（甲壳类）.Whenthreatenedthestonefishhun

3、kers（盘坐）downandbrandishes（挥舞）dorsalfinspinesloadedwithoneofthemosttoxicvenoms（毒液）foundinanyfish—andonepotentiallydeadlytohumansBlue-RingedOctopus蓝圈章鱼Thebacteriaproducepotentneurotoxins（神经毒素）thatcankillahumaninjustafewminutesyetappeartohavenoharmfuleffectontheoctopus.Thistoxicsaliva（唾液）,inje

4、ctedthroughshellsbrokenwiththeoctopus‘sbirdlikebeak（鸟嘴）,alsohelpsittodigestcrabs（蟹类）andmollusks（软体动物）.Scorpionfish岩鱼Membersofthelargescorpionfishfamilyliveontheseafloorwheretheytendtoblendinwiththeirsurroundingsandhuntbyambush（埋伏）.Thesesit-and-waitpredators（捕食者）adoptsucheffectivecamouflage

5、thatmanyoftheirmealslikelyneverknewwhathitthem.Scorpionfisharealsoarmedwithvenomousspines,whichcandeliveradangerousstingtoanyanimaltryingtomakepreyofthispredator.PufferFish河豚鱼Thisharmless-looking“beachball”isactuallyapufferfish,washeduponaKarnataka,India,shoreline.Thefish,alsoknownasablowfi

6、sh河豚,attemptstomakeitselfinedible不能吃的bydrinkingenormousamountsofwater(orair)andswellingtoseveraltimesitstypicalsize.Luckyisthepredatorthatnoticesthiswarning.Thosethatdon'tmightnotlivetorepeatthemistake.Pufferfishcontaintetrodoxin（河豚毒素）,whichisfataltomanyfish—andtohumans,whohaveyettodevelopa

7、nantidote解药.SomeJapaneseconsiderthepufferadelicacy,thoughonefishholdsenoughtoxinstokill30people.LionfishThecolorfullionfishpresentsanattractiveappearance,butitsarsenal（兵器）ofneedlelikedorsalfinsisactuallymeanttowarnothersaway.Too-curioushumanscanreceiveaq