英语语言学知识分享.doc

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1、英语语言学精品文档Testoflinguistics1.Whatdoyouthinkisthedifferencebetweendescriptivelinguisticsandprescriptivelinguistics?Giveyourreasons.Descriptivelinguisticspaymoreattentiontothedescriptionandanalysis,itaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Bu

2、tprescriptivelinguisticspaysmoreattentiontotherule,itaimstomakerulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviourinusinglanguage.Descriptivelinguisticsisthesystematicstudyanddescriptionofalanguage.Descriptivegrammarreferstothestructureofalanguageasitisactuallyusedb

3、yspeakersandwriters.Prescriptivelinguisticsisasetofrulesandexamplesdealingwiththesyntaxandwordstructuresofalanguage,usuallyintendedasanaidtothelearningofthatlanguage.Prescriptivegrammarreferstothestructureofalanguageascertainpeoplethinkitshouldbeused.2

4、.Wordsareindifferentsenserelationswitheachother.Whatsenserelationisillustratedineachofthepairsofwordsbelow?Addonemoreexampletoeachpair:1)casual–informalSynonymyExample:answer---replybig---largedeep---profound2)intelligent--stupidAntonymyExample:pass---

5、failboy---girlman---woman3)steal--steelHomonymyExample:principle---principaldear---deerhear---here4)animal–dogHyponymyExample:vegetable---potatobody---head收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档color---red3.Describewithtreediagramsthetransformationinvolvedinformingtheq

6、uestion“DoesJohnlikethebook?”.IP SPECI’ IVP SPECV’VNPJohnlikethebook‘pres’likethebookJohnlikesthebookS收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档SCNPInflVPNeVNPJohndoeslikethebook4.Towhatextentcanwesaythatconstituentanalysisismoreinformativethantraditionallinearstructurean

7、alysis?5.AspeechactconsistsofthreerelatedactsaccordingtoJohnAustin’sSpeechActTheory.Whatarethey?AnalyzingthefollowingconversationinthelightofSpeechActTheory.Customer:Waiter!Thereisaflyinmysoup.Waiter:Don'tworry,thereisnoextracharge.①Locutionaryact:thea

8、ctofsaying,theliteralmeaningoftheutteringwords,phrases,clause,conveyingliteralmeaning;②Illocutionaryact:theextrameaningoftheutteranceproducedonthebasisofitsliteralmening;③Perlocutionaryact:theeffectoftheutteranceonthehearer,dependingons