电子信息工程专业英语翻译课件.ppt

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1、TechnicalEnglishForInformationScienceandElectronicEngineeringUnit2IntegratedCircuitsPartITheIntegratedCircuit3NewWords4NewWords51Digitallogicandelectroniccircuitsderivetheirfunctionalityfromelectronicswitchescalledtransistor.Roughlyspeaking,thetransistorcanbelikenedtoanelectroni

2、callycontrolledvalvewherebyenergyappliedtooneconnectionofthevalveenablesenergytoflowbetweentwootherconnections.1由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。61Bycombiningmultipletransistors,digitallogicbuildingblockssuchasANDgatesandflip-flopsareformed.Tra

3、nsistors,inturn,aremadefromsemiconductors.Consultaperiodictableofelementsinacollegechemistrytextbook,andyouwilllocatesemiconductorsasagroupofelementsseparatingthemetalsandnonmetals.2查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。71Theyarecalledsemiconductorsbecauseoftheirabilitytobehave

4、asbothmetalsandnonmetals.Asemiconductorcanbemadetoconductelectricitylikeametalortoinsulateasanonmetaldoes.Thesedifferingelectricalpropertiescanbeaccuratelycontrolledbymixingthesemiconductorwithsmallamountsofotherelements.可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非金属那样绝缘。81Thismixingiscalleddoping.Asemico

5、nductorcanbedopedtocontainmoreelectrons(N-type)orfewerelectrons(P-type).Examplesofcommonlyusedsemiconductorsaresiliconandgermanium.PhosphorousandboronaretwoelementsthatareusedtodopeN-typeandP-typesilicon,respectively.3N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。92Atransistorisconstructedbycreating

6、asandwichofdifferentlydopedsemiconductorlayers.Thetwomostcommontypesoftransistors,thebipolar-junctiontransistor(BJT)andthefield-effecttransistor(FET)areschematicallyillustratedinFigure2.1.NPAnodeCathodeNNPSourceGateDrainNNPCollectorEmitterBaseCollectorBaseEmitterDrainSourceGateA

7、nodeCathodeFETDiodeBJT图2.1给出了双极型晶体管和场效应晶体管的图示。102Thisfigureshowsboththesiliconstructuresoftheseelementsandtheirgraphicalsymbolicrepresentationaswouldbeseeninacircuitdiagram.TheBJTshownisanNPNtransistor,becauseitiscomposedofasandwichofN-P-Ndopedsilicon.Whenasmallcurrentisinjected

8、intothebaseterminal,alargercurrentisenabledtofl