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1、The18thCenturyLiteratureBackgroundTheEnlightenmentMovementCharacteristicsEffectsLiterarydivisionsNeo-classicismTheRiseoftheModernNovelRevivalofRomanticPoetryBackgroundsTheGloriousRevolution(1688)ReligiousConflictsTheExpansionoftheBritishEmpireTheIndustrialRevolutionTwo-partyPo
2、liticsConnectionBetweenPolitics&LiteratureTheAmericanWarofIndependenceTheFrenchRevolutionFrenchPhilosophers Montesquieu&VoltaireRousseau,Didero&KantThomasPaine&WilliamGodwinEdmundBurke&EdwardGibbonTheEnlightenmentMovementItreferstothemovementofintellectualliberationthatdevelop
3、edinWesternEuropefromthelate17thcenturytothelate18th(theperiodoftencalledthe“AgeofReason”).ItculminatedwiththewritingsofRousseau,thephilosophyofKant,andthepoliticalideasoftheAmericanandFrenchrevolutions.Itscentralideawastheneedforandthecapacityofhumanreasontoclearawayancientsu
4、perstition,prejudice,dogmaandinjustice.Itsthinkingencouragedrationalscientificinquiry,humanitariantolerance,andtheideaofuniversalhumanrights.Theadvocatesofenlightenmenttendedtoplacetheirfaithinhumanprogressbroughtaboutbythegradualpropagationofrationalprinciples.InEnglish,theat
5、titudesoftheEnlightenmentarefoundinthelate18thcentury,inThomasPaine,WilliamGodwin,EdwardGibbonandsoon.NeoclassicismLiteraryTheoryTheRestorationLiterature(1660-1700):theAgeofDrydenTheAugustanAge(1700-1745):theAgeofPopeTheNeoclassicalDecline(1745-1785):theTimeofJohnsonNeo-classi
6、cismItreferstotheliteraryprincipleaccordingtowhichthewritingandcriticismofpoetryanddramaweretobeguidedbyrulesandprecedentsderivedfromthebestancientGreekandRomanwriters.OftenemployedincontrastwithRomanticism,thistermhasalsobeenusedtodescribethecharacteristicworld-vieworvalue-sy
7、stemofthis“AgeofReason”,denotingapreferenceforrationality,clarity,restraint,orderanddecorum,forgeneraltruthratherthanparticularinsights.Theneo-classicalviewofliteratureincludedtheprincipleofdecorumbywhichthestylemustsuitthesubjectmatter,andthebelievethatartmustbothdelightandin
8、struct.Thecentralassumptionwasthattheancientauthorshadalready
