新编文档有机化学英文课件.ppt

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1、OrganicChemistryWilliamH.BrownChristopherS.FooteBrentL.IversonAlkenes:StructureandNomenclatureChapter5UnsaturatedHydrocarbonsUnsaturatedhydrocarbon:containsoneormorecarbon-carbondoubleortriplebondsAlkene:containsacarbon-carbondoublebondandhasthegeneralformulaCnH2nAlkyne:containsa

2、carbon-carbontriplebondandhasthegeneralformulaCnH2n-2UnsaturatedHydrocarbonsArenes:benzeneanditsderivatives(Ch21-22)wedonotstudyarenesuntilChapters21&22however,weshowstructuralformulasofcompoundscontainingthephenylgroupbeforethattimethephenylgroupisnotreactiveunderanyofthecondition

3、swedescribeinCh6-20StructureofAlkenesAdoublebondconsistsofonesigmabondformedbytheoverlapofsp2hybridorbitalsandonepibondformedbytheoverlapofparallel2porbitalsthetwocarbonatomsofadoublebondandthefouratomsbondedtothemlieinaplane,withbondanglesofapproximately120°StructureofAlkenesittak

4、esapproximately264kJ(63kcal)/moltobreakthepibondinethylene;thatis,torotateonecarbonby90°withrespecttotheothersothatthereisnooverlapbetween2porbitalsonadjacentcarbonsCis,TransIsomerisminAlkenesCis,transisomers:isomersthathavethesameconnectivitybutadifferentarrangementoftheiratomsins

5、paceduetothepresenceofeitheraringoracarbon-carbondoublebondIndexofHydrogenDeficiencyIndexofhydrogendeficiency(IHD):thesumofthenumberofringsandpibondsinamoleculeTodetermineIHD,comparethenumberofhydrogensinanunknowncompoundwiththenumberinareferencehydrocarbonofthesamenumberofcarbonsa

6、ndwithnoringsorpibondsthemolecularformulaofthereferencehydrocarbonisCnH2n+2IndexofHydrogenDeficiencyforeachatomofaGroup7element(F,Cl,Br,I),addoneHnocorrectionisnecessaryfortheadditionofatomsofGroup6elements(O,S)tothereferencehydrocarbonforeachatomofaGroup5element(N,P),subtractonehy

7、drogenIDH=2(Hreference-Hmolecule)IndexofHydrogenDeficiencyProblem:isopentylacetatehasamolecularformulaofC7H14O2.CalculateitsIHDreferencehydrocarbonC7H16IHD=(16-14)/2=1Problem:calculatetheIHDforniacin,molecularformulaC6H6N2OreferencehydrocarbonC6H16IHD=(16-6)/2=5OOIsopentylacetateIU

8、PACNomenclature1.Numberthe