植物光合作用 课件.ppt

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1、植物生理学PlantPhysiologyBiochemistry&MolecularBiologyofPlantsBobB.BuchananWilhelmGruissemRussellL.Jones植物学报植物生理学植物生理学通信PlantPhysiologyPlantCellPlantSciencePlantaAnnualReviewofPlantPhysiologyandPlantMolecularBiologyPart1Photosynthesis1.1OverviewofPhotosynthesis1.1.1Photo

2、synthesisisabiologicaloxidation-reductionprocess.Reaction1.1:PhotosynthesisCO2+2H2A→(CH2O)+2A+H2Oljtang:Reaction1.2:OxygenicPhototsynthesisCO2+2H2O→(CH2O)+O2+H20Reaction1.3:PhotosyntheticsulfurreductionCO2+2H2A→(CH2O)+2S+H2O1.1.2Inphotosyntheticeukaryotes,photosynth

3、esistakesplaceinthechloroplast,aspecializedorganelleChloroplast,adouble-membranesystem,consistofanoutenvelopeandinnerenvelope.Theinternalmembranesystem,knownasthethylakoids,containsgranalthylakoidsandstromathylakoids.Thethylakoidmembranesareallinterconnectedandenclo

4、seaninternalspace,thelumen.1.1.3Photosynthesisrequiresthecoordinationoftwophases:lightreactionsandcarbon-linkedreactionsLightreactions:produceO2,ATP,andNADPH.Carbonreductioncycle:reduceCO2tocarbohydrateonconsumingtheATPandNADPH.TheconceptionthatwateroxidationandCO2r

5、eductionwerenotobligatelylinkedwasfirstadvancedin1930sbyRobertHill.Reaction1.4:HillReaction2H2O+2A→O2+2H2A1.2LightAbsorptionandenergyconversion. 1.2.1Lightisabsorbedbypigmentmolecules. Pigment→Pigment*numberofproductsformedphotochemicallyEquation1.2.1:QuantumYie

6、ldФ=-------------------------------------------------------Numberofquantaabsorbed1.2.2Almostallphotosyntheticorganismscontainchlorophyllorarelatedpigment.Plants,AlgaeandCyanobacteria:chlorophyllaorchlorophyllb.Anaerobicphotosyntheticbacteria:bacteriochlorophylla.Chl

7、orophyllshaveaporphyrinringstructurethatcontainsacentralMgatomcoordinatedtothefourmodifiedpyrrolerings.Chlorophyllmoleculesalsocontainalonghydrocarbontailthatmakesthemoleculeshydrophobic.Variouschlorophyllsdifferintheirsubstituentsaroundtheringstructure.Biosynthesis

8、ofchlorophyllsandhemes.1.2.3Carotenoidsandxanthophyllsparticipateinlightabsorptionandphotoprotection.1.2.4Absorptionspectraofchlorophyllsa