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1、RegionalEconomicIntegrationRegionalEconomicIntegrationLevelsofeconomicintegrationamongnationsEconomicandpoliticalargumentsfor/againstHistory/scope,scopeandfutureprospectsfor:EUNAFTAMERCOSUR,andAPECImplicationsforbusinessRegionalEconomicIntegrationAgreementsamon
2、ggeographicallyproximatecountriestoreduce/remove tariffandnon-tariffbarrierstofreeflowof:GoodsServicesFactorsofproductionLevelsofEconomicIntegrationFreeTradeArea(FTA):removestariffsamongmembersmembersretainowntradepoliciestowardothersCustomsUnion(CU):FTA+common
3、tradepolicytowardothersCommonMarket(CM):CU+eliminatesintra-marketfactorofproductionmovementsEconomicUnion(EU):CM+fullintegrationofmembereconomies(commonpolicy)PoliticalUnion:EU+politicalandeconomicintegrationReasonsforRegionalIntegrationEconomicenhancementofthe
4、memberstatesFreetradeFeeFDIPoliticalReasonsLinkagesofeconomiescreateinterdependenciesthatreducethepotentialforviolentconflictGroupinggivescountriesmorepoliticalcloutworld-wideImpedimentsPainfuladjustmentsincertainsegmentsofeconomyThreattonationalsovereigntyEuro
5、peanUnion25membercountries;450mmpeople;GDP>US19516membersofcoalandsteelcommunityFrance,Germany(W.),Italy,Belgium,Netherlands,Luxembourg1957TreatyofRome:EuropeanCommunityCommonmarketEliminationofinternaltradebarriersCommonexternaltariffFreemovementoffactorsofpro
6、duction19731stenlargement:Britain,Ireland,DenmarkEuropeanUnion19812ndenlargement:Greece19833rdenlargement:Portugal,Spain1992singleEuropeanactRemoveallfrontiercontrolsPrincipleofmutualrecognitiontoproductstandardsOpenpublicprocurementtonon-nationalsuppliersLiftb
7、arriersofcompetitiontobanksandinsuranceRemoverestrictionsonforeignexchangetransactionsAbolishrestrictiononcabotage(trucking)1994Maastrichttreaty:EuropeanUnion20194thenlargement:Austria,Finland,Sweden20195thenlargement:Poland,Hungary,CzechRepublic,Lithuania,Esto
8、nia,Latvia,Slovenia,Cyprus,Malta,SlovakiaTheEuro(€)Maastrichttreaty:Europeancommoncurrencyadopted1/1/99CommonforeignanddefensepolicyCommoncitizenshipEUparliamentwith“teeth”€
