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1、虚拟语气Subjunctive虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念if引导的虚拟条件句一、在if条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。虚拟语气在在if非真实条件句中从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）主语+Would/could/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+动词过去完成式主语+Would/could/might/should+have+过去分
2、词与将来事实相反①if+主语+动词过去式②if+主语+wereto+动原③if+主语+should+动原主语+Would/could/might/should+动词原形虚拟语气[例句]1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可
3、能相反)虚拟语气在在if非真实条件句中如果虚拟语气从句中用should+动词原形的话，主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示防备，以防万一等含义.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’twaitforme.万一明天下雨，不要等我了.IfTomshouldbleedagain,callme.万一Tom又流血了，打电话给我.当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整1)ifyouhadfollowedmyadviceyesterday,youwouldbebetternow.2)Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwoul
4、dbealivenow.3)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineyesterday,hewouldbefinenow.(从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反)在if非真实条件句中混合型的虚拟语气倒装的If虚拟句如果if从句中有were,should或者had，可以省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayathome.=Hadyoucomeafewm
5、inutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=Shoulditrain,Iwouldstayathome.If条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构如果条件句为否定句，not应该放在主语后不能与were,had(助动词),和should连写放在句首.IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=WereInotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意，要使用虚拟语气。Youcouldhavedoneb
6、etter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.Givenmoretime,hecouldhavedoneitbetter.Ishouldhavevisitedyouyesterday,butIwasbusy.Thetreedied,Ishouldhavewateredit.Everythingtakenintoconsideration(=ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration),theywouldhaveraisedtheiro
7、utputquickly.副词如or,otherwise,介词如with,without,butfor(要不是)等也可以引起虚拟语气。例如：Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.Otherwise/orshewouldnothaveleftsoearly.Thestormstopp
