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1、2013-5-1对头晕/眩晕的认识头晕/眩晕椎基底动脉供血不足诊断标准中华神经精神科杂志1988;21::14正确诊断的来源是基本功眩晕的临床诊断和治疗流程建议中国神经精神疾病杂志2003;29:314中国后循环缺血的专家共识上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院中华内科学杂志2006;45:786神经科李焰生头晕的诊断流程建议中华内科杂志2009;48:435眩晕诊治专家共识中华神经科杂志2010;43:6:3头晕(dizziness)正确诊断的基本功•韦氏医学字典定义为“由视觉、脑部、内耳平衡及胃肠•症状界定是诊断前提道疾患所导致的非痛性头部不适。头晕是个难以界定的医学术语,非专业人员
2、常用之以描述从头重脚轻、不稳•仔细问诊是诊断关键到眩晕等多种情况。”•了解病因是诊断保证•维基百科全书中指“空间知觉和平衡的损害,它是不精•针对检查是诊断支持确的,被用以表示眩晕(vertigo)、晕厥前(presyncope、•更新知识是诊断源泉nearfaint)、失衡(disequilibrium或imbalance或unsteadiness)非特异性头重脚轻(lightheadness)”DIZZINESS:quality-of-symptomvertigo1.眩晕(vertigo)•韦氏医学字典定义:vertigo来自拉丁语,vertere表特异性症状,感觉环境在旋转,各
3、方向皆有,头活动后加重示“旋转”,后缀igo表示“状态”,故指自身或2.失衡(disequilibrium或imbalance或unsteadiness)不稳或不安全感,无旋转,站立和行走困难周围环境旋转的感觉。3.头重脚轻(lightheadedness)•维基百科全书中指“是头晕的一种,是种运动感,头或环境有“游泳”、漂浮、晕或摇摆感4.晕厥前(pre-syncope或nearfaint)常由前庭系统功能异常所导致,常伴随有恶心、一过性、马上要失去知觉、晕倒的感觉呕吐、站立和行走困难。”DrachmanDA,HartCW.Anapproachtothedizzypatient.
4、Neurology,1972,22:323–33412013-5-1CecilTextbookofMedicine24edi2010Adams&Victor’sPrinciplesofNeurologyThetermdizzinessincludelightheadedness,disequilibrium,vertigo,and9thEdition2009presyncopeandhasnumerouspotentialcauses.Thetermdizzinessisappliedbythepatienttoanumberofdifferentsensoryexperience
5、s—afeelingofrotationorwhirlingaswellasDescription,mechanism,andfocusofdiagnosticworkupforcommonnonrotatoryswaying,weakness,faintness,light-headedness,ortypesofdizzinessunsteadiness.Blurringofvision,feelingsofunreality,syncope,andevenpetitmalorotherseizurephenomenamaybecalled"dizzytypedescripti
6、onmechanismFocusofspells."Theseexperiencesfallintofourcategories:diagnostic(1)vertigo,aphysicalsensationofmotionofselfortheenvironment;evaluation(2)nearsyncope,asensationoffaintness;vertigoSpinning(environmentImbalanceintonicvestibularAuditoryand(3)disequilibrium,adisorderimbalanceofstanceorga
7、it;moves),tilt,drunkenessactivityvestibularsystems(4)ill-definedlightheadedness,asymptomthatoftenaccompaniesNearfaintLightheaded,swimmingDecreasedbloodflowtoentireCardiovascularanxiety.brainsystemHenceaclosequestioningofthepatientastoho