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1、Liquidateddamagesthetheoryandpracticeofcontroversialissues(below)Third,theadjustmentoftheamountofliquidateddamagesThecontentsofthepreviousdiscussionrevolvedaroundquestionsofquantificationofliquidateddamages,thefollowingdiscussionconcernstheissueofliquidateddamagesquantitative
2、.‘ContractLaw’Article114,paragraph2,theprovisionsmade.Inpractice,involvedinthebreachofcontractpaymentstotheoftenseenthepenaltyistoohigh.Theadjustmentofliquidateddamagesisapenaltyforthegivenchange,isalegalrelationshipfortheformation.The‘form’oftheprocessandpropertiesworthanaly
3、zing.Ithought,‘increasetheamountofliquidateddamagesclaim’innatureisakindofformationoftherighttoappeal.Therighttoappealthisordertoformtheformationoftheformshownright,incivilsubstantivelawisalsoquitecommon,asaGermanscholarpointedout,thelawchosenforsomespecialcasesasfollows:whil
4、estillgrantstheright36toform,butforitsexercisebuttheinvolvementoftheCourttobebound,toenablethecourttoadvanceontheexistenceoftheformationoftherighttomakeadecision.Onesuchexampleisadivorce.Hereitisstillinvolvedintheformationoftheright,butthisisnotsimplybytheformationoftherightt
5、omakeapointthatyoucanclaim.Onlywhenthecourtproceedingstomakeafinalreviewofthevalidityoftherequestandberecognized,thatisuptothejudgetogetaresjudicata(theformationofjudgments),thedivorceuntiltheireffectiveness.Itsso-called‘court’,combinedwithourdiscussionhere,theissueofliquidat
6、eddamages,itmaybebroadlyunderstoodasincludingthearbitration,includingarbitrator.(A)compensationofbreachofcontractadjustmentpayments1standardreference(1)breachofcontract‘loss’‘ContractLaw’Article114,paragraph2,theexpressions36isabreachofcontract‘loss’,howtounderstand‘damage’it
7、?Fromthetheoreticalanalysis,therearetwopossiblereading:oneistheactualloss(actualloss),onecancompensatetheloss(compensableloss,referredtoas‘compensableloss’).Twodifferentstandards.Differenceinthis?Theactuallossmaynotbeabletoreceivecompensation,usuallyacompensablelossshouldbele
8、ssthanorequaltotheactualloss.Mytheoreticalexplanationisgenerallyunde
