直接引语与间接引语课件.ppt

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1、GRAMMAR:DIRECTSPEECHANDINDIRECTSPEECHOUTLINE1.定义2.直接引语与间接引语的转换2.1直接引语为陈述句2.2直接引语为疑问句2.3直接引语为祈使句3.练习：单项选择1.定义直接引用别人的原话，一般放在引号内，称作直接引语（DirectSpeech）;用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，称作间接引语（IndirectSpeech）.直接引语变间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、状语都会发生变化。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。2.直接引语与间接引语的转换2.1直接引语为陈述句直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，直接引语变

2、为say,tell等的宾语从句，由从属连词that引导，that在口语中可省略。间接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等都要作相应的变化。（1）人称的变化“一随主，二随宾，三不变”eg:Hesaid,“IwanttomarryAtlanta.”→HesaidthathewantedtomarryAtlanta.(2)时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的谓语要与主句的谓语在时态上保持一致。时态变化规律见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时（不变）现在完成时过去完成时过去

3、完成时（不变）现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时eg：1.Hismothersaidtohim,“you’llcatchabadcold”→Hismothersaidtohimthathewouldcatchabadcold.2.“I’mproudofwhatIdidbutIwasjustdoingwhatI’dbeentaught,”Johnsaid.→Johnsaidthathewasproudofwhathehaddonebuthewasjustdoingwhathehadbeentaught.Attention:1.直接

4、引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。“Waterboilsat100℃”,theteachersaidtous.→Theteachersaidtousthatwaterboilsat100℃.2.直接引语的谓语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语的谓语仍用一般过去时。Shesaid,“IwenttotheUnitedStatesin1989.”→ShesaidshewenttotheUnitedStatesin1989.(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语n

5、owthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybefore…days/weeksago…days/weeksbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays’timethisweek/monththatweek/monthlastweek/monththeweek/monthbeforenextweek/monththenext/followingweek/month地点状语herethere动词comego

6、bringtakeeg:1.Isaid,“Idon’twanttodothis.”→IsaidthatIdidn’twanttodothat.2.Hesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”→Hesaidthathewouldgothereagainthatnight.2.2直接引语为疑问句如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为动词ask,wonder,wanttoknow等的宾语从句，除了人称、时态、指示代词、状语和动词变化外，还要将疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。（1）一般疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句、反

7、意疑问句和选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常由whether和if引导宾语从句。eg：1.Iaskedher,“Haveyoulookedatamapyet?”→Iaskedherwhether/ifshehadlookedatamapyet.2.“Youcanswim,can’tyou?”heasked.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldswim.(2)特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，直接引语变为有原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。eg：“Whataretheydoing?”IaskedGeorge.→Iask