生物专业英语词汇a-c课件.ppt

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1、Abiogenesisearlytheorythatheldthatsomeorganismsoriginatedfromnonlivingmaterial.Alsocalled:autogenesis,spontaneousgeneration自然发生说，无生源说认为生命起源于无生命有机物的学说AbnormalhemoglobinHemoglobinmoleculewithadifferentshapeduetoanalteredAminoacidsequence(ultimatelycausedbyanalte

2、redDNAbasesequence),suchasintheinheriteddiseasesickle-cellanemia.Abscisicacidaplanthormonethatpromotesdormancyinperennialplantsandcausesrapidclosureofleafstomatawhenaleafbeginstowilt.AcetylcholineachemicalreleasedatNeuromuscularjunctionsthatbindstoreceptorsonth

3、esurfaceoftheplasmamembraneofmusclecells,causinganelectricalimpulsetobetransmitted.Theimpulseultimatelyleadstomusclecontraction.AcetylCoAanintermediatecompoundformedduringthebreakdownofGlucosebyaddingatwo-carbonfragmenttoacarriermolecule(CoenzymeAorCoA).Acidrai

4、ntheprecipitationofsulfuricacidandotheracidsasrain.TheacidsformwhensulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesreleasedduringthecombustionofFossilfuelscombinewithwaterandoxygenintheatmosphere.Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)acollectionofdisordersthatdevelopasaresultofi

5、nfectionbytheHumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),whichattacksHelpertcells,cripplingtheImmunesystemandgreatlyreducingthebody'sabilitytofightinfection;resultsinprematuredeathbroughtaboutbyvariousdiseasesthatoverwhelmthecompromisedimmunesystem.Actintheproteinfromwhich

6、Microfilamentsarecomposed;formsthecontractilefilamentsofsarcomeresinmusclecells.Activetransporttransportofmoleculesagainstaconcentrationgradient(fromregionsoflowconcentrationtoregionsofhighconcentration)withtheaidofproteinsinthecellmembraneandenergyfromATP.Pas

7、sive被动的Adaptationtendencyofanorganismtosuititsenvironment;oneofthemajorpointsofCharlesDarwin'stheoryofevolutionbyNaturalselection:organismsadapttotheirenvironment.ThoseorganismsbestadaptedwillhaveagreaterchanceofsurvivingandpassingtheirGenesontothenextgeneratio

8、n.Adenineoneofthefournitrogen-containingbasesoccurringinNucleotides,thebuildingblocksoftheorganicmacromoleculegroupknownasNucleicacids(DNAandRNA).Adenineisalsothebaseintheen