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1、现在分词形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,它可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。Grammar一、现在分词形式语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone1、现在分词主动式：现在分词一般式(doing):表示与谓语动作同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之后.现在分词完成式(havingdone):表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,强调时间的先后关系.Hewentout,shuttingt
2、hedoorbehindhim.Walkingaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbyit’snewlook.Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.2、现在分词被动式:1）一般式的被动式(beingdone):如果现在分词的动作是被动的，且是正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生，就用beingdone2）完成式的被动式(havingbeendone):表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeastore.Havingbeengivensuch
3、agoodchance,howcouldheletitslip?3、现在分词否定式:(notdoing)Notknowinghisaddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Nothavingreceivedanylettersfromhisson,theoldcouplefeltworried.Nothavingbeeninformedofthenews,theydidn’tattendthemeeting.二、现在分词的基本用法：现在分词在句中可以作:定语,状语,表语和补语1.作定语1)单个分词做定语放在所修饰的名词
4、之前；分词短语放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。例如:asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.=whichofferedmethejob.2)现在分词作定语的时间概念：正在进行或和谓语动词同时进行经常性一般性动作现在或当时的状态Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisahospital.=whichisbeingbuiltnowThosewishingtojointheclubshouldsignhere.=who
5、wishtojointheclubThewomansellingvegetableshasgone.=whosellsvegetablesThelakelyingonthewestofHangzhouiscalledtheWestLake.=whichliesonthewestofHangzhou*如果需要表示主动完成含义和被动完成含义，应当采用定语从句的形式，而不能采用现在分词的完成体作后置定语,即havingdone和havingbeendone不能做后置定语。如：Thestudentshavinghandedintheirpapersmust
6、leavetheclassroom.()Thestudentswhohavehandedin…()×√Thehomeworkhavingbeenreadbytheteacherismine.Thehomeworkwhichhasbeenreadbytheteacherismine.现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作不能同时发生时，该分词不作后置定语。Theexpertscominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.()Theexpertswhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.()√×
7、×√(1)It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept(2)The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeCA2.作表语现在分词作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,与主语往构成逻辑上的主谓关系，实际上可以看作是形容词，意为:“令/使人…”.例如：amusing，charming,encouraging,movinginteresting,asto
8、nishing,disappointing,inviting,promising,missing，boring…Thest
