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1、（1）Whenananimalhelpsanotheranimal,itusuallygetssomethingvaluableinreturn.Foralongtime,manyscientiststhoughtthatonlypeoplecouldactgenerouslyjustbecauseitfeelsgood.However,anews1inGermanysuggeststhatchimpanzees(ananimallikealargemonkeywithoutatail)alsodogoodthingsf
2、ornorealreason.Andsodochildrenwhoareasyoungas18monthsofage.Maybeitisbecausehumansandchimpanzeess2anancestorabout6millionyearsago.Peopleandchimpanzeesappeartodevelopsuchfeatureswithoutanyothert3,saysWarneken,ascientistinGermany.Warnekenandhispartnersworkedonadultc
3、himpanzeesthatliveonanislandintheAfricancountryofUganda.Theyalsoworkedwith18-month-oldchildreninGermany.Theresearchersperformedthreeexperimentsontheadultchimpanzeesandtwoexperimentsonthekids.Inthefirsta4experiment，apersontriedtoreachhisarmintoacagetogetastick，but
4、hecouldn’treachit.Achimpanzeewasinthecage，anditcouldreachthestickifitwantedto.Thirty-sixchimpanzeestookpartinthisexperimentonebyone,andnochimpanzeesawwhattheotherchimpanzeeshaddone.Eventhoughtheanimalshadn’tm5thepersonbefore,theyusuallytookthestickandgaveittothep
5、erson.What’smore,theydidthiswhetherornotthepersonofferedthembananasasareward.Inthenextexperiment,36childrenactedinas6way.Theyhelpedthepersonreachthestick,whetherornottheywereofferedtoysfortheirhelp.Researchersdidotherexperimentsonchimpanzeesandbabies.Norewardswer
6、eofferedineitherexperiment.Ands7,boththechimpanzeesandchildrenwentoutoftheirwaytohelp.Still,thenewstudyisdifferentfromearlierfindings.Researchershavefoundthatchimpanzeesdon’tgiverewardsoffoodtootherchimpanzees,evenifitcoststhemnothingtobegenerous.(2)MaryKayisawel
7、l-knownAmericanbusinesswoman.Hercompany,MaryKayCosmeticsInc.,isaverysuccessfulcompanywhichs1cosmetics(化妆品)andemployspeopleallovertheworld.Shebecamesuccessfulthroughhardworkandshehasastrongbeliefinherself.MaryKaywasborninAmerica.Soonaftershestartedschool,herfather
8、becameill.Hermotherworked14hoursadayinarestauranttos2thefamily.MaryKayhadtodohousework,cook,andtakecareofherfather.Afterhighschool,herfamilycouldn'taffordtosen
