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1、StructureofBulidingsAbuildingiscloselyboundupwithpeople,foritprovidespeoplewiththenecessaryspacetoworkandlivein.Asclassifiedbytheiruse,buildingsaremainlyoftwotypes:industrialbuildingsandcivilbuildings.Industrialbuildingsareusedbyvariousfactoriesorindustrialp
2、roductionwhilecivilbuildingsarethosethatareusedbypeoplefordwelling,employment,educationandothersocialactivities.Theconstructionofindustrialbuildingsisthesameasthatofcivilbuildings.However,industrialandcivilbuildingsdifferinthematerialused,andinthestructurefo
3、rmsorsystemstheyareused.Consideringonlytheengineeringessentials,thestructureofabuildingcanbedifinedastheassemblageofthosepartswhichexistforthepurposeofmaintainingshapeandstability.Isprimypurposeistoresistanyloadsappliedtothebuildingandtotransmitthosetothegro
4、und.Intermsofarchitecture,thestructueofabuildingisanddosemuchmorethanthat.Itisaninseparablepartofthebuildingformtovaryingdegreesisageneratorofthatform.Usedskillfully,thebuildingstructurecanestablishorreinforceordersandrhythmsamongthearchitecturevolumesandpla
5、nes.Itcanbevisuallydominantorrecessive.Itcandevelopharmoniesorconflicts.Itcanbebothconfiningandemincipating.And,unfortunatelyinsomecases,itcannotbeingored.Itisphysical.Thestructuremustalsobeengineeredtomaintainthearchitectureform.Theprinciplesandtoolsofphysi
6、csteandmathematicsprovidethebasisfordifferentiatingbetweenrationalandinrationalformsintermsofconstruction.Artistscansometimesgenerateshapesthatobviateanyconsiderationofscience,butarchitectscannot.Thereareatleastthreeitemsthatmustbepresentinthestructureofabui
7、lding:stabily,strengthandstiffness,economy.Takingthefirstofthethreerequiements,itisobviousthatstabilityisneededtomaintainshape.Anunstablebuildingstructureimpliesunbalancedforcesoralackofequilibriumandaconsequentaccelerationofthestructureoritspieces.Therequir
8、ementofstrengthmeansthatthematerialsselectedtoresistthestressesgeneratedbytheloadsandshapesofthestructure(s)mustbeadequate.Indeed,a“factorofsafety”isusuallyprovidedsothatundertheanticipatedloads
